The Principles of Training

1. Commanders are the primary trainers.
2. Noncommissioned officers train individuals, crews, and small teams; advise commanders on all aspects of training.
3. Train using multiechelon techniques to maximize time and resource efficiency.
4. Train as a combined arms team.
5. Train to standard using appropriate doctrine.
6. Train as you fight.
7. Sustain levels of training proficiency over time.
8. Train to maintain.
9. Fight to train. 

 

8-Step Training Model

Step 1: Plan the training event. 

Leaders develop specific and measurable training objectives based on the commander’s guidance. They identify and coordinate the resources necessary to train and provide guidance and direction to subordinates. Leaders allocate and ensure Soldiers have enough time for training as well as identify the required resources to train effectively. They identify potential hazards and eliminate or mitigate associated risks. Lastly, leaders develop evaluation plans that support the tasks trained.

Step 2: Train and certify leaders.

Certification requirements are established and leaders and trainers are certified to lead and conduct the training. Certified personnel must have detailed knowledge of the training subject matter and have performed the task to standard themselves. This step also includes training and certifying opposing force (OPFOR) leaders.

Step 3: Recon training sites. 

Leaders perform reconnaissance of training sites and report back observations and potential issues prior to training execution. Leaders verify that training locations can support the training event and enable the unit to accomplish its training objectives. They make contact with site support personnel and solve scheduling and coordination issues.

Step 4: Issue the operation order (OPORD). 

This order specifies responsibilities, timelines for execution, tactical scenarios, and other key information necessary to execute the training event. Leaders identify the tasks trained, training objectives, the training mission, and the methods to execute the training. Leaders ensure subordinates have all available information to prepare and execute the training event. A successful training event relies on all leaders understanding the expected outcome and remaining focused on the training objectives.

Step 5: Rehearse. 

Leaders conduct rehearsals to ensure plans are synchronized and actions are understood by subordinates. Leaders supervise rehearsals to ensure those responsible for training are prepared and organized. This step includes conducting rehearsals necessary for OPFOR leaders and personnel.

Step 6: Train. 

Training is executed, tasks are observed and evaluated, and training objectives are trained until proficiency is achieved. As participants perform tasks, trainers evaluate performance against published standards.

Step 7: Conduct after action reviews. 

After action reviews (AARs) are conducted during training and after the training event. AAR feedback is provided to the unit commander to help assess task proficiency. Lessons learned are discussed, recorded for future use, and shared with other units and leaders. These reviews help improve unit training as well as the unit’s tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP).

Step 8: Retrain. 

Tasks not performed to standard are retrained and re-evaluated until the standard is achieved. Units do not depart the training event with tasks not trained to standard and training objectives not met.