https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN37511-AR_5-12-001-WEB-3.pdf
UNCLASSIFIED
Army Regulation 5–12
Management
Army Use of the
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Headquarters
Department of the Army
Washington, DC
8 February 2020
SUMMARY of CHANGE
AR 5–12
Army Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
This administrative revision, dated 22 February 2023—
o Changes proponency from the Chief Information Officer/G–6 to the Chief Information Officer (title page).
This major revision, dated 8 February 2020––
o Updates policy to reflect organizational changes within the Department of the Army (chap 2).
o Includes minor corrections to editorial oversights of the last major revision to this regulation (throughout).
*This regulation supersedes AR 5–12, dated 16 February 2016.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020
UNCLASSIFIED i
Headquarters
Department of the Army
Washington, DC
*Army Regulation 5–12
8 February 2020 Effective 8 March 2020
Management
Army Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
History. This publication is an adminis-
trative revision. The portions affected by
this administrative revision are listed in
the summary of change.
Summary. This regulation on the
Army’s use of the electromagnetic spec-
trum mandates the integration and syn-
chronization of Army spectrum manage-
ment processes with all five phases of the
Defense Acquisition System and Depart-
ment of Defense funding categories. It de-
scribes the Army spectrum management
functional processes necessary to achieve
compliance with statutory provisions, reg-
ulations, and technical standards required
by the International Telecommunication
Union; the National Telecommunications
and Information Administration’s Manual
of Regulations and Procedures for Federal
Radio Frequency Management; Part 300,
Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations;
and DODI 4650.01. This update deline-
ates a range of consequences for individ-
uals or organizations, which may result
from noncompliance with spectrum poli-
cies and regulations.
Applicability. This regulation applies
to the Regular Army, the Army National
Guard/Army National Guard of the
United States, and the U.S. Army Re-
serve, unless otherwise stated.
Proponent and exception authority.
The proponent of this regulation is the
Chief Information Officer. The proponent
has the authority to approve exceptions or
waivers to this regulation that are con-
sistent with controlling law and regula-
tions. The proponent may delegate this
approval authority, in writing, to a divi-
sion chief within the proponent agency or
its direct reporting unit or field operating
agency, in the grade of colonel or the ci-
vilian equivalent. Activities may request a
waiver to this regulation by providing jus-
tification that includes a full analysis of
the expected benefits and must include
formal review by the activity’s senior le-
gal officer. All waiver requests will be en-
dorsed by the commander or senior leader
of the requesting activity and forwarded
through their higher headquarters to the
policy proponent. Refer to AR 25 –30 for
specific guidance. The proponent must
obtain approval from United States and
non-U.S. national telecommunication au-
thorities regarding use of Army systems
that are not in compliance with statutory
or treaty spectrum requirements.
Army internal control process.
This regulation contains internal control
provisions in accordance with AR 11 –2
and identifies key internal controls that
must be evaluated (see appendix D).
Supplementation. Supplementation
of this regulation and establishment of
command and local forms are prohibited
without prior approval from the Chief In-
formation Officer (SAIS–NSR), 107
Army Pentagon, Washington, DC
20310–0107.
Suggested improvements. Users
are invited to send comments and sug-
gested improvements on DA Form 2028
(Recommended Changes to Publications
and Blank Forms) via email to
usarmy.pentagon.hqda-cio.mbx.policy-
inbox@army.mil.
Committee management. AR 15–39
requires the proponent to justify establish-
ing/continuing committee(s), coordinate
draft publications, and coordinate changes
in committee status with the Office of the
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary
of the Army, Department of the Army,
Committee Management Office
(AARP–ZA), 9301 Chapek Road, Build-
ing 1458, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 –5527.
Further, if it is determined that an estab-
lished "group" identified within this regu-
lation, later takes on the characteristics of
a committee, as found in the AR 15 –1,
then the proponent will follow all AR
15–1 requirements for establishing and
continuing the group as a committee.
Distribution. This regulation is availa-
ble in electronic media only and is in-
tended for the Regular Army, the Army
National Guard/Army National Guard of
the United States, and the U.S. Army Re-
serve.
Contents (Listed by paragraph and page number)
Chapter 1
Introduction, page 1
Purpose • 1–1, page 1
References and forms • 1–2, page 1
Explanation of abbreviations and terms • 1–3, page 1
Responsibilities • 1–4, page 1
Records management (recordkeeping) requirements • 1–5, page 1
Contents—Continued
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 ii
Objectives • 1–6, page 1
Overview • 1–7, page 1
Chapter 2
Responsibilities, page 2
Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) • 2–1, page 2
Chief Information Officer, G–6 • 2–2, page 3
Deputy Chief of Staff, G–2 • 2–3, page 5
Deputy Chief of Staff, G–3/5/7 • 2–4, page 5
Deputy Chief of Staff, G–8 • 2–5, page 5
Chief, National Guard Bureau and Chief, U. S. Army Reserve • 2–6, page 5
Headquarters, Department of the Army principal officials; Commanders of Army commands, Army service compo-
nent commands, direct reporting units, and subordinate commands • 2–7, page 5
Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command • 2–8, page 6
Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command • 2–9, page 7
Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command • 2–10, page 7
Commanding General, U.S. Army Cyber Command; Theater Signal Command; network enterprise centers; combat
training centers; Army Frequency Management Office, United States and possessions; and area frequency coordi-
nators • 2–11, page 7
Commanding General, U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command • 2–12, page 9
Chapter 3
Army Spectrum Management Program in Support of Combat Development, Materiel Development,
and Army Acquisition Programs, page 9
Purpose • 3–1, page 9
Applicability • 3–2, page 9
Elements of the Army Spectrum Management Program • 3–3, page 9
Chapter 4
Frequency Assignment Types, Radio Station Identification, and Electromagnetic Interference Res-
olution, page 11
Introduction • 4–1, page 11
Spectrum coordination channels • 4–2, page 12
United States and possessions frequency assignment types and actions • 4–3, page 12
International and host nation frequency approval and registration • 4–4, page 13
Ship radio station identification • 4–5, page 13
Tactical radio call signs and call words • 4–6, page 14
Electromagnetic interference resolution • 4–7, page 14
Chapter 5
Access to Non-Government Frequency Bands, Use of Spectrum-Dependent Commercial Off-the-
Shelf Systems, Terrestrial Radio, Satellite Systems, Unmanned Vehicles, and Electronic Attack
Operations, page 14
Introduction • 5–1, page 14
Access to non-Government bands • 5–2, page 14
Use of spectrum-dependent, commercial off-the-shelf systems • 5–3, page 15
Use of government terrestrial radio systems • 5–4, page 16
Use of commercial and military satellite systems • 5–5, page 17
Unmanned vehicles • 5–6, page 18
Electronic attack operations • 5–7, page 18
Chapter 6
Consequences and Risks of Noncompliance, page 19
Introduction • 6–1, page 19
Oversight by the Chief Information Officer/G–6, Command, Control, Communications, and Comput-
ers • 6–2, page 19
Contents—Continued
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 iii
Notice of apparent liability • 6–3, page 19
Host nation denial of authorization to operate • 6–4, page 19
Appendixes
A. References, page 20
B. Frequency Coordination, page 24
C. Army Spectrum Supportability Risk Assessment Writing Guide, page 25
D. Internal Control Evaluation, page 31
Table List
Table 3–1: Required Army Spectrum Management Program actions at each Defense Acquisition System
phase, page 10
Table 4–1: Joint Bases, page 12
Table C–1: YY: System description and deployment, page 25
Table C–2: Summary of system spectrum requirements, page 25
Table C–3: Summary of regulatory information, page 27
Table C–4: Template for the spectrum supportability risk assessment stoplight chart relative rating of electromag-
netic and environmental effects issues1, page 28
Table C–5: Electromagnetic and environmental effects actions that are required in Defense Acquisition System
phases, page 29
Figure List
Figure 1–1: Army spectrum management coordination regions, page 2
Figure B–1: Functional coordination channels, page 24
Glossary
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 1
Chapter 1
Introduction
1–1. Purpose
This regulation assigns responsibilities for Army management of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) (hereafter re-
ferred to as spectrum management) and for Army participation in Service, Joint, U.S. national, host nation, and inter-
national spectrum management activities. It issues spectrum-related policies and responsibilities for Army commands
(ACOMs), agencies, activities, installation and unit commanders, and users at installations worldwide, combat devel-
opers (CBTDEVs) and materiel developers (MATDEVs). Additionally, it delineates the elements of the Army Spec-
trum Management Program (ASMP).
1–2. References and forms
See appendix A.
1–3. Explanation of abbreviations and terms
See the glossary.
1–4. Responsibilities
Responsibilities are listed in chapter 2.
1–5. Records management (recordkeeping) requirements
The records management requirement for all record numbers, associated forms, and reports required by this regulation
are addressed in the Army Records Retention Schedule-Army (RRS–A). Detailed information for all related record
numbers, forms, and reports are located in the Army Records Information Management System (ARIMS)/RRS –A at
https://www.arims.army.mil. If any record numbers, forms, and reports are not current, addressed and/or published
correctly in ARIMS/RRS–A, see DA Pam 25–403 for guidance.
1–6. Objectives
The Army’s spectrum management objectives are to ensure that—
a. Army spectrum processes are an integral part of the Army’s implementation of the Defense Acquisition System
(DAS) as outlined in DODD 5000.01 and Department of Defense (DOD) funding categories.
b. Army Spectrum-dependent (S–D) systems effectively and efficiently use the EMS in compliance with U.S. na-
tional, host nation, and international telecommunication laws, rules, and regulations and are designed to minimize the
potential for harmful interference.
c. Army S–D systems can fully engage in net-centric operations without causing or experiencing harmful electro-
magnetic interference (EMI).
d. Army spectrum policy decisions and Spectrum Supportability Risk Assessments (SSRAs) are based on verifia-
ble analyses and quantifiable, repeatable measurements.
e. Army personnel are aware of the consequences and mission impacts of noncompliance with DOD, U.S. national,
host nation, and international spectrum laws, rules, regulations, policies, and technical standards.
1–7. Overview
a. Army access to or use of EMS within the United States will comply with the policies and regulations for use of
the spectrum by all Federal agencies, as prescribed by the National Telecommunications and Information Administra-
tion (NTIA) Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management and the provisions of
DODI 4650.01.
b. Army access to the EMS in host nations other than the United States will be coordinated with intended host
nations by the Army Spectrum Management Office (ASMO) through formal combatant command (CCMD) spectrum
management channels. ASMO will inform the responsible Army organization of the need for analyses or operational
fixes to obtain required host nation spectrum approvals for access to that host nations EMS.
(1) Many national and international entities are involved in granting or withholding formal approvals required for
Army access to spectrum resources. (See fig 1–1 for general orientation of major spectrum management coordination
regions and organizations; see app B for details regarding the Army Frequency Management Office United States and
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 2
Possessions (AFMO US&P) Army supported DOD area frequency coordinators’ (AFCs’) functional coordination
channels, contact information, and specific areas of responsibility.)
Figure 1 – 1. Army spectrum management coordination regions
(2) Organizations, activities, and individuals are assigned responsibility for performing technical research, devel-
opment engineering, allocation, allotment, and assignment missions that support Army spectrum management. Spec-
trum management is conducted within the limits of established Army policy. Coordination is conducted, as required,
among one or many offices to resolve issues at the lowest possible level. Issues that cannot be resolved within these
coordination channels are referred to command and staff channels for action.
c. No agency, employee, or member of the Army is authorized to participate in the Federal Communications Com-
mission (FCC) implementation of the Administrative Procedures Act process for matters under the purview of Title
47, United States Code (47 USC), except as authorized by the Director, ASMO.
d. This regulation does not alter or supersede existing authorities and policies of the Director of National Intelli-
gence (DNI) as defined in 50 USC and DNI and DOD Intelligence policies.
Chapter 2
Responsibilities
2–1. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology)
The ASA (ALT) will—
a. Ensure that Army MATDEVs and program executive officers (PEOs) perform all spectrum-related actions dur-
ing appropriate phases of the DAS to ensure system compliance with DOD, U.S. national, host nation, and
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 3
international spectrum laws, regulations, policies, and technical standards compatibility as outlined in chapter 3 of this
regulation and by DODI 4650.01.
b. Require all new and updated SSRAs to receive Chief Information Officer (CIO)/G–6 approval as part of the
milestone review and decision process during all phases of the DAS when acquiring or developing S –D systems for
equipment funded by the ACOM or subordinate commands, in accordance with AR 70–1 and DA Pam 70–3. (See
chap 3 and app C of this regulation for additional information on SSRA completion and submission.) It is required
that SSRAs be a contract data requirements list item on every applicable contract.
c. Require that program offices have a spectrum coordinator for spectrum-related issues, including subordinate
command frequency assignment requests.
d. Coordinate the resolution of critical or specialized spectrum management requirements or issues identified dur-
ing the acquisition process with the Director, ASMO.
e. Coordinate with the CIO/G –6 and U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) to ensure that all
requirements for the use of spectrum are identified and supportable for all S–D programs when operating within their
intended operating environments.
f. Ensure that MATDEVs generate and implement interference-mitigation techniques that enhance electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) for all Army S–D systems.
g. Provide systems engineering support as required to support implementation of ASMP.
h. Ensure consideration is given to EMS flexibility, adaptability, agility, and efficiency as part of the acquisition
process for all new spectrum dependent systems.
2–2. Chief Information Officer, G –6
The CIO/G –6 will—
a. Direct and provide oversight to the ASMP.
b. Plan for, articulate, and defend Army spectrum requirements.
c. Advise the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff of the Army on spectrum matters.
d. Support and defend resource requirements for spectrum management in the Army Planning, Programming,
Budgeting, and Execution System.
e. Approve and advocate the Army’s spectrum interests in DOD, national, host nation, and international spectrum
regulatory processes.
f. Advise the ASA (ALT) regarding implementation of all elements of the ASMP in acquisition strategies for S–D
sensors, weapons, mission-command communication systems, intelligence, electronic warfare (EW), and information
management (IM) systems in accordance with AR 70–1.
g. Provide oversight and guidance to the Director, ASMO who will—
(1) Serve as the principal advisor to the Army, CIO/G –6 regarding spectrum management and regulatory matters.
(2) Oversee the ASMP, in order to—
(a) Serve as the focal point for the ASMP and perform assigned IM with the Army Staff, CCMDs, ACOMs, Army
service component commands (ASCCs), and direct reporting units (DRUs), along with other military Services, Gov-
ernment agencies, and FCC, for activities in the private sector relating to spectrum management.
(b) Ensure the SSRAs address the regulatory, technical, operational, and EMC aspects of proposed S–D system(s)
in their intended electromagnetic environment (EME).
(c) Coordinate the Army’s response to the Presidential Spectrum Initiative, which includes streamlining spectrum
management processes, developing test bed programs for emerging S –D systems and models, and improving the
quantitative basis of spectrum management.
(d) Implement national, international, DOD, Joint, host nation, and Headquarters, Department of the Army
(HQDA) spectrum management policies and guidance throughout the Army.
(e) Coordinate spectrum resources to support the ASCCs of the CCMDs, as required.
(f) Prepare the Army’s input to the Defense EMS Management Strategic Plan.
(g) Participate in the systems acquisition and capabilities development process in order to provide spectrum man-
agement expertise, advice, and technical assistance to PEOs, CBTDEVs, MATDEVs, test and integration working
groups, operational commanders, spectrum managers, and other committees as necessary. Additionally, the Director,
ASMO will advocate for and ensure compliance with this regulation and establish requirements for the development
of suitable hardware and software suites in support of Army Department and strategic-level requirements for spectrum
management and EMC requirements and processes.
(h) Serve as the Army authority for assigning international and national requirements for non-tactical radio station
identification as outlined in paragraph 4–5.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 4
(i) Designate individuals or agencies to represent Army spectrum management interests and positions at the DOD,
U.S. national, host nation, and international spectrum levels to ensure, as with Congressional or other administrative
actions, that Army spectrum requirements are appropriately considered and measures are taken to mitigate any risk to
Army missions.
(3) Review and update the Army spectrum management structure and assign specific functions within the Army as
required.
(4) Coordinate spectrum management matters within the Office of the Secretary of the Army and the Army Staff.
(5) Direct, develop, publish, and implement Army spectrum management activities, policies, and planning guid-
ance to meet Army needs and requirements at both the U.S. national and international levels.
(6) Coordinate Army spectrum access requirements with U.S. Government organizations, and the allocation of
frequency assignments in support of Army operations.
(7) Serve as the Army spectrum certification authority for S–D systems, and as Army representative to the Military
Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4) Executive Board (MC4EB) Frequency Panel, and all other
working groups as necessary, provide an alternate as required. Ensure that MC4EB equipment frequency allocation
guidance and an NTIA certification of spectrum support are received prior to contractual obligations to procure or
develop equipment that radiates or receives electromagnetic energy in its intended environment. (See app A regarding
MC4EB publications.)
(8) Serve as the approval authority for DD Form 1494 (Application for Equipment Frequency Allocation) submit-
ted to the Equipment Spectrum Guidance Permanent Working Group of the MC4EB Frequency Panel.
(9) Review Army materiel objectives and requirements, in accordance with AR 70–1, to identify potential effects
on the spectrum and to—
(a) Ensure that Army spectrum management policies, plans, programs, and procedures are synchronized with the
Army’s implementation of the DAS in accordance with DODD 5000.01 guidelines and governing regulations.
(b) Provide DOD, national, host nation, and international spectrum guidance and assistance to CBTDEVs and
MATDEVs with respect to all technical and regulatory matters affecting Army S–D systems and their use of domestic
and international frequencies.
(10) Represent spectrum management requirements at the Army Systems Acquisition Review Council.
(11) Identify, budget for, and initiate Army spectrum management and EMC services, studies, and analyses as
required.
(12) Serve as the principal Army negotiator representing Army requirements in U.S. spectrum national and inter-
national regulatory and policy discussions; through the U.S. Department of State on a Government-to-Government
level; through status-of-forces negotiations in cases of individual host-nation relationships; and for international spec-
trum matters on the agenda of International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Working Parties, committees, or con-
ference meetings. Assume responsibility for all U.S. submissions made on behalf of the Army to the ITU Radio com-
munications sector.
(13) Oversee the Army spectrum management automation architecture to ensure compliance with DOD and Fed-
eral automation standardization requirements.
(14) Coordinate with the Deputy Chief of Staff (DCS), G–1 for priority assignment of spectrum management per-
sonnel across the operating and generating force.
(15) Coordinate with the TRADOC Capability Manager-Electronic Warfare Integration, Office Chief of Signal
and commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs in defining and justifying requirements for table of organization and
equipment and table of distribution and allowance spectrum management positions at Army posts, camps, stations,
and combat training centers (CTCs).
(16) Serve as the Army representative to the NTIA, the Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (IRAC), and
provide representatives for all IRAC subcommittees in order to—
(a) Articulate and defend Army spectrum requirements.
(b) Coordinate and obtain spectrum certifications from the NTIA and coordinate frequency allotments or experi-
mental frequency assignments to support Army operational requirements for ACOMs and activities within the United
States and Possessions (US&P).
(17) Provide Army representation to the U.S. delegation to Combined Communications-Electronics (C–E) Board
Frequency Panel meetings.
(18) Approve the Army input to the Defense EMS Management Strategic Plan.
(19) Coordinate, when required, the assignment of the Joint Spectrum Center commander with the U.S. Army
Human Resources Command.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 5
(20) Coordinate the resolution of all EMI incidents as appropriate with applicable ACOM, CCMD, and/or other
Service activities (see Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 3320.02F; Chairman of the Joint Chief
of Staff Manual (CJCSM) 3320.02D; and chap 4 of this regulation).
2–3. Deputy Chief of Staff, G –2
In addition to the responsibilities in paragraph 2–7, the DCS, G–2 will—
a. Review emerging and enduring requirements in order to identify, validate, and ensure Intelligence spectrum
integration across the Army Staff and commands (see para 1–7d).
b. In coordination with CIO/G –6, prioritize Army S–D requirements for Intelligence programs and ensure compli-
ance with DNI directives, Intelligence Community policies, and DOD intelligence policies (see para 3–2c).
2–4. Deputy Chief of Staff, G –3/5/7
In addition to the responsibilities in paragraph 2–7, the DCS, G–3/5/7 will—
a. Review emerging and enduring requirements in order to identify, validate, and ensure spectrum integration
across the Army Staff and commands.
b. In coordination with CIO/G–6, prioritize Army S–D requirements and ensure their transmittal to the DCS, G–8
for integration into overall Program Objective Memorandum prioritization.
2–5. Deputy Chief of Staff, G –8
In addition to the responsibilities in paragraph 2–7, the DCS, G–8 will—
a. Assess, validate, and manage funding and budgeting, as required, to facilitate fielding and sustainment of Army
spectrum management operations in support of Army tactical and operational networks and Joint electromagnetic
spectrum operations across doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, facilities,
and policy, as prescribed through planning, programming, budget, and execution procedures and by the respective
proponents.
b. Identify and resource spectrum requirements in all S –D programs and acquisitions in accordance with estab-
lished DCS, G–3/5/7 priorities in support of the DAS.
c. Program for development and procurement of new equipment in coordination with ASA (ALT).
2–6. Chief, National Guard Bureau and Chief, U. S. Army Reserve
In addition to the responsibilities in paragraph 2–7, Commanders of Reserve Component (RC) units, including Chief,
Army National Guard (ARNG) and Chief, USAR, will—
a. Submit applications for spectrum assignments through the State Adjutant General to the AFC within whose area
or jurisdiction the unit is located. A copy of the application will be forwarded to the AFC in whose area the frequencies
will be employed. The coordination channels described below are for frequency coordination purposes only. Actions
which impact command policies and directives will be forwarded through normal command channels. The following
are spectrum coordination channels:
(1) ARNG units will forward their requests through the State Adjutant General to the supporting AFC (see app B).
(2) USAR units will forward their requests through the major USAR Command to the supporting AFC (see app
B).
b. Coordinate spectrum requirements with the appropriate installation spectrum manager, if an RC unit conducts
training at a new location. Coordination must be completed at least 90 days prior to the conduct of the training, and
information copies must be sent to the supporting AFC. (Normally, RC units are issued frequency assignments for
training in garrison or at specified training locations.)
c. Ensure that units conducting training outside the US&P obtain spectrum resources from the sponsoring unit
through procedures outlined in command directives, exercise directives, or other appropriate documents.
d. Ensure that spectrum resources for mobilization are obtained under the provisions of U.S. Army Forces Com-
mand (FORSCOM) policy and directives.
2–7. Headquarters, Department of the Army principal officials; Commanders of Army commands,
Army service component commands, direct reporting units, and subordinate commands
Within their respective areas of functional and process proponency, HQDA principal officials and commanders will
coordinate with the CIO/G –6, G–6, or senior information managers to ensure that spectrum requirements and re-
sources needed to accomplish their organization’s assigned mission are identified, validated, addressed, and are in
keeping with Army policy, doctrine, assigned responsibilities, and this regulation.
a. The ACOM, ASCC, DRU, and subordinate command G–6 official or senior information manager will—
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 6
(1) Serve as the senior staff component for spectrum management.
(2) Identify and validate requirements for spectrum manager positions at the ACOM, DRU, ASCC, or subordinate
command headquarters.
(3) Ensure that spectrum managers are adequately trained to discharge the functions of a spectrum manager.
(4) Serve as the staff proponent for the ASMP, which includes funding and interfacing with HQDA, and other
Army agencies, as required.
(5) Ensure and enforce adherence to international and host nation spectrum laws, regulations, technical standards,
and treaties.
(6) Review and update operational and contingency plans, and initiate changes necessary to ensure spectrum man-
agement capabilities are sufficient to support assigned missions.
(7) Coordinate, plan, program, and fund for adequate management and supervision of EMS use by subordinate
entities.
(8) Ensure compliance with regulations governing the operation of S –D equipment utilizing spectrum allocated for
non-Federal Government users.
(9) Implement spectrum management-related internal controls, as necessary, in accordance with AR 11–2 and this
regulation (see app D).
(10) Ensure that the operation of C–E equipment complies with the limitations and technical tolerances contained
in spectrum authorizations.
(11) Ensure that current ASMP directives and procedural publications are available and being followed.
(12) Within the US&P, identify to the supporting AFC or the ASMO the unit point of contact responsible for all
spectrum matters.
(13) Document and disseminate CCMD spectrum management, frequency assignment, and host nation coordina-
tion procedures to all Army units permanently or temporarily assigned within the area of responsibility (AOR).
(14) Ensure that requirements for spectrum management capabilities and solutions are identified to TRADOC for
validation (see para 2–8).
b. The ACOM, ASCC, DRU, and subordinate command will ensure that spectrum managers—
(1) Identify and validate spectrum resource requirements for organizational missions and identify and validate
spectrum requirements in support of domestic homeland defense and defense support to civil authorities’ missions.
(2) Submit validated spectrum requirements to the Army, DOD, U.S. national, host nation, and international spec-
trum-approval processes, as appropriate. Ensure that spectrum requirements for foreign military units, training within
the US&P, are submitted to the appropriate AFC.
(3) Validate frequency assignments to ensure that they are—
(a) Currently used, as originally required, for the organization’s mission.
(b) Meeting the requirements of appropriate technical standards.
(c) Correctly reflected in DOD and national databases or deleted, as necessary, at least 90 days prior to the desig-
nated renewal date.
(d) Prioritized according to mission requirements and commander’s intent.
(4) Consolidate information for generating Signal Operating Instructions for the command.
(5) Ensure that an authorization document for each spectrum resource used is retained by the operating activity.
(6) Coordinate with mission, senior, and tenant commanders to resolve spectrum scheduling conflicts due to mis-
sion overlaps between and among units vying for spectrum access within the same operating area. Issues are referred
to the senior commander for adjudication in situations that are beyond the authority of the spectrum manager (see also
chaps 4 and 5).
2–8. Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command
In addition to the responsibilities in paragraph 2–7, the Commanding General (CG), FORSCOM will—
a. Identify the G–6, Spectrum Management Office that coordinates FORSCOM spectrum resource requirements
with the AFMO US&P for Army contingency planning, field training exercises, and command post exercises.
b. Review FORSCOM personnel authorization documents to identify requirements for authorized spectrum man-
agement positions at all FORSCOM organizations. Where necessary, justify and obtain authorized spectrum manage-
ment positions and the qualified personnel to fill spectrum management requirements, and coordinate critical
FORSCOM spectrum management vacancies with the ASMO.
c. Maintain an updated Joint C –E operating instructions (CEOI) system database for all continental United States
(CONUS) based forces as outlined in CJCSI 3320.03D. For those CONUS-based forces that have not completed the
transition to the Joint database, continue to maintain updated Signal Operating Instructions, CEOIs, or Joint CEOI
databases.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 7
2–9. Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command
In addition to the responsibilities in paragraph 2–7, the CG, TRADOC will—
a. Integrate Army spectrum management doctrine, policy, and procedures into field training exercises, all leader-
ship development courses, and training challenges at the CTCs, in accordance with the Army total force policy, to
ensure an understanding of the use of the EMS to generate and project combat power.
b. Coordinate with the CIO/G –6 and ASA (ALT) to ensure that all requirements for the use of spectrum are iden-
tified and supportable for all S –D programs when operating within their intended operating environments.
c. Review TRADOC personnel authorization documents to ensure requirements for authorized spectrum manage-
ment positions are identified for all TRADOC garrisons, installations, and organic organizations.
d. Ensure that Army experimentation conducted under the auspices related to concept development, experimenta-
tion, and requirements determination complies with DOD, host nation, and U.S. national spectrum laws, regulations,
and policies, whether materiel or non-materiel solutions are considered.
e. Identify and document requirements to develop solutions in order to execute—
(1) Assigning spectrum resources.
(2) Assessing technical solutions for spectrum-related problems.
(3) Supporting ACOMs’ ability to enforce adherence to RF assignments within their respective AORs.
2–10. Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command
In addition to the responsibilities in paragraph 2–7, the CG, AMC will—
a. Coordinate with the ASMO in order to ensure that spectrum management considerations affecting AMC initia-
tives are adequately addressed.
b. Program, budget, and provide resources to execute assigned spectrum management responsibilities.
2–11. Commanding General, U.S. Army Cyber Command; Theater Signal Command; network
enterprise centers; combat training centers; Army Frequency Management Office, United States
and possessions; and area frequency coordinators
In addition to the responsibilities in paragraph 2–7, the CG, USARCYBER is responsible for managing and servicing
spectrum-related requirements for installations in accordance with Army, DOD, U.S. national, host nation, and ITU
spectrum regulations, policies, and technical standards. Specialized requirements exist at the CTCs.
a. The Commander, Theater Signal Command, for each installation supported, will—
(1) Ensure tenant and visiting force-spectrum requirements comply with DOD, U.S. national, and host nation spec-
trum laws, regulations, policies, and technical standards as related to the performance of the installation mission.
(2) Coordinate, plan, program, and fund for adequate management and supervision of spectrum use by subordinate
entities.
(3) Ensure that all devices that emit or receive electromagnetic radiations from within their installation comply
with DOD, U.S. national, and host nation spectrum laws policies, regulations, and technical standards.
(4) Establish a program of continuing review of frequency assignments and delete or amend such assignments as
appropriate within the AFC-allotted suspense date.
(5) Appoint Director, Network Enterprise Center (DNEC) as a principal staff officer, with spectrum management
responsibilities. Where no fully resourced installation configuration exists, the owning command will establish areas
or regions and will designate an installation to provide IM support.
b. DNECs will—
(1) Provide spectrum resources for operations and training which are authorized on the installation.
(2) Educate the installation and tenant activities on spectrum management policy and procedures.
(3) Coordinate with the installation commander, the ACOM G–6, and the AFC, to identify and forward requests
for the procurement of Army-approved hardware and software to perform base-level spectrum management and tech-
nical analysis functions (for example, sustaining base information services software).
(4) Determine peace and wartime communications equipment, spectrum resources, and computer system require-
ments and obtain sufficient capabilities as appropriate for the installation (for example, increased mobilization and
training base requirements).
(5) Coordinate with other installation directorates to ensure that S –D equipment being developed or procured for
use on the installation is fully spectrum supportable (see chap 4).
(6) Ensure that spectrum authorizations used within the Network Enterprise Center’s AORs are valid. Authoriza-
tions must be obtained in accordance with chapters 4 and 5.
(7) Ensure that garrison spectrum emitters operate within geographical and technical parameters to promote EMC
among equipment.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 8
(8) Serve as the point of contact for spectrum and non-tactical call sign requirements and usage within the instal-
lation, including tenant activities and units conducting training on the installation.
(9) Keep records on the types and locations of equipment, and use of the spectrum and non-tactical call signs
assigned to the installation.
(10) Process and forward requests for spectrum and call sign assignment, which cannot be met from authorized
resources, to the supporting AFC.
(11) Review all spectrum assignments at least every 5 years, as required in paragraph 4–3c(4).
(12) Coordinate, plan, and program for executing assigned spectrum management responsibilities.
c. CTC commanders will—
(1) Coordinate with their respective DNECs for—
(a) Limited technical analyses of S–D equipment utilized at the CTCs to ensure EMC with base infrastructure such
as, but not limited to, cell towers or trunk radio systems.
(b) Oversight of new fixed S –D systems as they are integrated into the training environment to ensure proper
installation and to mitigate negative spectrum impacts.
(2) Coordinate with the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization’s Army Center of Excellence re-
garding requirements for testing and implementing defeat systems and robotics for RF improvised explosive devices
to mitigate potential EMI.
d. AFMO US&P, DOD AFC Arizona (AZ), and DOD AFC WSMR perform operational and administrative actions
required by 47 USC, the NTIA, Allied Communications Publication (ACP) 190(D), and the MC4EB to ensure com-
pliance with applicable U.S. Federal, DOD, and Military Department EMS governance and policy in order to minimize
RF interference at DOD and Service test ranges and installations. AFMO US&P, DOD AFC AZ, and DOD AFC
WSMR will—
(1) Serve as the field-level coordinators for processing and coordination of all RF assignments within the assigned
area(s) of responsibility (AORs) listed in figure 1–1.
(2) Support the revalidation and update of Army frequency records in the Government Master File at least once
every 5 years, unless the records are designated for a different review cycle (for example, every 10 years for Aero-
nautical Assignment Group records). Notify Army users who need to update mission essential frequency assignments
in order to avoid revocation by the NTIA or initiate actions to delete the records from the Government Master File,
Frequency Resource Record System, and other appropriate databases.
(3) Coordinate measures and provide technical guidance between Army and non-Army frequency users in the res-
olution of harmful interference.
(4) Conduct area/installation spectrum management studies and surveys to determine sub-bands for which shared
frequency use can be made by the most effective assignment of frequencies over a larger geographical area.
(5) Provide technical assistance to installation-level frequency managers and Army users on the Army’s processes
pertaining to allocations, allotments, and assignments. Advise Army users in the proper policy and procedures, and
channels to follow for each of the processes.
(6) Review and evaluate proposed frequency use by other Military Services and Federal agencies to ensure harmful
interference is not caused to or by Army users. As required, initiate the necessary coordination and corrective actions
to mitigate the potential for interference.
(7) Coordinate RF assignments with numerous frequency management representatives, including FCC offices,
Federal Aviation Administration regional offices, and aeronautical telemetry assignments with the Aerospace and
Flight Test Radio Coordinating Council and DOD test ranges.
(8) Maintain copies of all agreements from local FCC licensees and requesting agencies in which they provide
written authorization for Army units to operate on particular frequencies that are in non-Government frequency bands.
(9) Receive, review, coordinate, and staff EA requests in support of Army programs, or being executed at an Army
installation, in accordance with CJCSM 3212.02D.
(10) AFMO US&P will—
(a) Coordinate and manage the Army’s “tactical” and “training” frequencies, used under the policy and procedures
of the DOD–FCC Field Coordination Agreement discussed in the NTIA Manual of Regulations and Procedures for
Federal Radio Frequency Management. Issue Radio Frequency Authorizations (RFAs) to Army users, which will
contain frequencies cleared with the FCC, under this agreement.
(b) Coordinate with the FCC for RFAs for Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. RFAs for
Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam will be handled under distribution guidance to be provided by the 311th Signal Command.
(c) In coordination with HQDA, CIO/G–6, process necessary frequency actions with NTIA.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 9
(d) Maintain a copy of each RFA issued to spectrum managers in Regular Army installations, respective offices of
the State Adjutant General for ARNG units, and U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) commands. Register each RFA in the
Frequency Resource Record System.
(11) DOD AFC AZ/DOD AFC WSMR will also perform duties as described in ACP 190 U.S. Supp–1(D) that are
not specifically covered in this regulation.
2–12. Commanding General, U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command
a. The Director, Battlefield Electromagnetic Environments Office will—
(1) Support the Army EMC Program through development, operation, and maintenance of databases for C–E com-
patibility and vulnerability analyses and concept studies.
(2) Develop, maintain, and operate the database element of the EMC Program to provide timely scientific and
technical support to the ASMP. EMC Program databases include equipment characteristics and measurements, organ-
izational data, such as table of organization and equipment, Basis of Issue, tactical concepts and doctrine, and threat
documentation.
(3) Develop, maintain, and operate simulated tactical deployments based on approved scenarios to include geo-
graphical locations, communications netting, frequency assignments, and spectrum use. These deployments are down
to the individual equipment operator level for U.S., Allied, and threat forces.
(4) Conduct research and studies to design and develop other systems or capabilities, as required, to fulfill special
database requirements.
b. The Director, Electromagnetic Environment Test Facility will—
(1) Assess the ability of Army systems and equipment to operate compatibly in their intended operational EME.
Assessments will include the activities relevant to the C–E equipment systems under consideration and doctrine of
both threat and friendly forces. Assess service relative to both unintentional (compatibility) and intentional (vulnera-
bility) interference.
(2) Assess the influence of the intended operational EME on Army systems and equipment concepts and the doc-
trine for their implementation.
Chapter 3
Army Spectrum Management Program in Support of Combat Development, Materiel
Development, and Army Acquisition Programs
3–1. Purpose
The purpose of the ASMP is to provide CBTDEVs and MATDEVs with information to determine whether the EMS
necessary to support the operation of S–D systems will be available. Aligning the ASMP with standard CBTDEV and
MATDEV processes, allows developers to ensure that sufficient bandwidth within allocated frequency bands is avail-
able to support Army S –D system development, acquisition, and operations in all of their intended EMEs without
causing or receiving unacceptable interference (see DODI 4650.01).
3–2. Applicability
The ASMP applies to all Army CBTDEVs and MATDEVs, as well as acquisition professionals who develop, acquire,
or operate equipment that uses, or requires access to, the EMS.
a. Successful fielding of an Army S–D system depends upon CIO/G –6 approval of a program’s comprehensive
assessment of the operational, regulatory, technical, and EMC aspects of the system’s use of the EMS.
b. Development or acquisition of systems that meet operational requirements, for a specific theater, but fail to
obtain spectrum supportability through ASMO, may not be allowed to operate in the United States or other host na-
tions. To mitigate the potential these systems create for EMI with other spectrum users and to gain a spectrum sup-
portability determination, development and procurement of S –D systems must be coordinated with ASMO.
c. The security classification or operational function of an S–D system will not exempt a system’s adherence to the
ASMP. Spectrum requirements for Special Access Programs and intelligence systems must be coordinated with DCS,
G–2 oversight, and be in accordance with Executive Orders, DNI directives, Intelligence Community policies, and
DOD intelligence policies and other laws and regulations.
3–3. Elements of the Army Spectrum Management Program
In order to determine a system’s spectrum supportability, the following must be accomplished:
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 10
a. An SSRA must be completed and submitted to the ASMO prior to Milestone A and prior to each phase of the
DAS. Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) or other non-developmental S–D systems must not be purchased, procured,
or developed without an approved SSRA, which assesses potential risks associated with gaining required U.S. national
and host nation approvals to access the EMS. The SSRA submission process has two parts, the SSRA and the spectrum
supportability determination, and is repeated at each phase of the DAS (see app C for details regarding the Army
SSRA process).
(1) The SSRA consists of documenting the S–D aspects of a system during each phase of the acquisition life cycle
and should include the following components:
(a) EMC component.
(b) Spectrum regulatory component.
(c) Technical component.
(d) Operational component.
(2) A spectrum supportability determination for the SSRA must be received from the CIO/G –6 ASMO, which
approves the CBTDEV’s or MATDEV’s assessment of a system’s potential spectrum supportability in order to con-
tinue the procurement or development of the S–D device.
b. In addition to the SSRA, a DD Form 1494 will be submitted to the ASMO during each phase of the DAS (see
DA Pam 25–1–1).
(1) Permission to access the EMS is an internationally recognized, sovereign national privilege. Host nations have
the sole prerogative to grant or deny U.S. requests to access the EMS within their borders. Additionally, permission
to operate can be revoked at any time. The DOD uses the DD Form 1494 to provide host nation spectrum authorities
with the technical parameters of U.S. military RF systems requesting approval to radiate within their territory (see DA
Pam 25–1–1).
(2) The DD Form 1494 serves two functions—
(a) It provides a uniform method to capture the basic S–D and operational parameters of military S –D systems in
a format that is easily provided to U.S. national and host nation spectrum authorities.
(b) It standardizes the format of the technical data required to be added to DOD and U.S. national databases to
generate frequency assignment approvals, and enables initial EMC analyses, and checks for compliance with military,
U.S. national, and host nation spectrum standards.
c. The CBTDEV or MATDEV must coordinate with ASMO to determine the availability of sufficient bandwidth
and regulatory protection in order to perform the intended operational mission within:
(1) The US&P (through the Federal spectrum-approval process).
(2) Host nations (through the host nation coordination process).
(3) Quantified, relevant, mutual EMC, EMI, and electromagnetic and environmental effects (E3) interactions.
d. The Army acquisition E3 Program, as defined in DA Pam 70 –3, is applicable to all materiel solutions that may
have an effect upon or be affected by the EMS. It is not limited to S–D systems and involves all processes used by
acquisition personnel to successfully design, specify, test, evaluate, field, and maintain materiel solution systems in
all expected EMEs. The parts of the Army’s acquisition E3 program focusing on spectrum supportability include the
assessment of a system’s EMC and EMI in the intended operational environment. Table 3–1 shows the type of E3
actions required at each DAS phase.
e. Devices used solely to activate fuses or detonators, or to provide settings and mission data to fuses and munitions
inductively, are exempt from the DD Form 1494 requirement. However, these devices must conform to the DOD E3
Program as outlined in DODI 3222.03, the Army Acquisition E3 Program, and other appropriate military standards.
Table 3 – 1
Required Army Spectrum Management Program actions at each Defense Acquisition System phase — Continued
DAS phase Materiel solution
analysis
Technology devel-
opment
Engineering and man-
ufacturing develop-
ment
(System development
and demonstration)
Production and
deployment
Operations and support
SSRA Type Initial SSRA Initial or interim
SSRA
Interim SSRA Final SSRA Updated final SSRA(s) for
specific missions, new
host nation deployments,
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 11
Table 3 – 1
Required Army Spectrum Management Program actions at each Defense Acquisition System phase — Continued
system modifications, and
so forth.
DD Form 1494 Stage 1,
Conceptual
Stage 2,
Experimental
Stage 3,
Developmental
Stage 4,
Operational
Stage 4,
Revision
E3 Program E3 Program
requirements
definition
Address E3 in
Capabilities devel-
opment document,
Joint Capabilities
Integration and
Development Sys-
tem (JCIDS), test
and evaluation
master plan
(TEMP), and so
forth.
Review and update E3
requirements in capa-
bilities production doc-
ument, information
sup- port plans, and
TEMP.
E3 tests on pro-
duction hard-
ware
Monitor changes to sys-
tem for spectrum impacts.
Developer’s
Spectrum Re-
sponsibilities
Ensure that
analyses identify
operational pa-
rameters that
the materiel de-
veloper can use
to define spec-
trum parame-
ters.
Define initial
spectrum re-
quirements and
frequency bands
and operational
areas.
Refine spectrum
requirements.
Initiate preliminary
spectrum discus-
sions with ASMO,
NTIA, and FCC.
Perform detailed spec-
trum signature, re-
ceiver degradation,
and antenna tests.
Consider obtaining
host nation supporta-
bility comments,
through ASMO.
Request frequencies
needed for US&P test-
ing.
Obtain host na-
tion supportabil-
ity comments,
through ASMO.
Stay aware of the impact
of the FCC and ITU on
spectrum access.
Request training fre-
quency approvals.
Coordinate homeland de-
fense spectrum require-
ments.
Note. The end-to-end review process for the DD Forms 1494 submitted at stages 1 and 2 usually takes from 6 to 18 months. DD Forms 1494 submitted
at stages 3 and 4 may require more time for approval, due to the possibility of requesting spectrum supportability comments directly from the military
and civil administrations of host nations in which a system will operate.
Chapter 4
Frequency Assignment Types, Radio Station Identification, and Electromagnetic
Interference Resolution
4–1. Introduction
Users of S–D equipment must have an approved frequency assignment from the appropriate spectrum management
authority before operating the equipment. A frequency assignment is defined as the authorization of a specific fre-
quency, group of frequencies, or frequency band to be used at a certain location under specified conditions such as
bandwidth, power, azimuth, duty cycle, and modulation. Frequency assignments are also referred to as frequency
authorizations or as a license to operate a piece of S–D equipment. In order to obtain authority to transmit, the appro-
priate local Network Enterprise Center spectrum manager, responsible AFC (see fig B–1), or designated authority
must formally provide a frequency authorization or license. For information specific to commercial and military Sat-
ellite Communications (SATCOM) systems, see paragraph 5–5. Frequency assignment policies—
a. Ensure that all Army S –D systems comply with DOD, U.S. national, host national, and international spectrum
policies and technical standards.
b. Accomplish effective use of the limited EMS available for support of the ACOMs, agencies, and activities within
the US&P and Army components of CCMDs.
c. Promote rapid and direct action in responding to requirements submitted for spectrum approval.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 12
4–2. Spectrum coordination channels
US&P spectrum management coordination regions are shown in figure 1–1. All systems submitted for frequency
assignment approval must have a verified and ASMO-accepted DD Form 1494. A spectrum planning subcommittee
number for Stage 2 DD Form 1494 submission is the minimum requirement for NTIA approval of experimental non-
interference basis frequency assignments. Final approved Stage 4 is required to obtain permanent assignments in the
Government Master File.
a. United States and possessions. Commanders of Army-managed posts, camps, stations, and activities in the
US&P, must submit requests for frequency assignment approval to the supporting AFC (see app B).
b. Joint bases.
(1) Spectrum requirements supporting Joint Base functions will be processed through the Lead Service Joint Base
Spectrum Management Office (JBSMO). Functions not supporting Joint Base Operations will be coordinated with the
JBSMO but processed through already established Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps channels. Frequency
assignments and serial numbers will be assigned as they are today but processing through the U.S. national level will
not be completed without coordination and approval from the JBSMO.
(2) The individual Services will retain responsibility for review of records containing their serial numbers.
(3) Table 4–1 lists Joint bases and lead Service for each in accordance with the Base Closure and Realignment Act
of 2005. Refer to DODI 4650.01 for additional guidance.
Table 4 – 1
Joint Bases — Continued
Lead service Joint base
Army Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA
Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall, VA
Navy Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI
Joint Region Marianas, Guam
Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling, Washington, DC
Joint Base Little Creek-Story, VA
Air Force Joint Base Charleston, SC
Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, NJ
Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility Washington, DC
Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, AK
Joint Base Langley-Eustis, VA
Joint Base Lackland-Sam Houston-Randolph, TX
c. Combatant command areas of responsibility. With the exception of the U.S. Army Northern Command (US-
NORTHCOM), applicants for frequency assignments will submit requirements according to the directives of the re-
sponsible ASCC, CCMD, and/or applicable host nation agreement. The commander of each geographic CCMD, with
the exception of USNORTHCOM, is responsible for all military use of frequencies within the designated CCMD
AOR.
d. Army contractors.
(1) Army contractors in direct support of contracts for Army S –D systems, or for Joint-Service systems for which
the Army is the executive agent or lead Service, will submit requests for frequency assignments at contractor facilities
through the sponsoring MATDEV to the responsible AFC.
(2) Frequency support for contractor spectrum requirements that are not required to meet specifications of the
contract must be obtained by the contractor through FCC channels.
e. MATDEVs.
(1) Submit requests for frequency assignment for system developmental and test operations at Federal facilities to
ASMO through the responsible local Frequency Management Office or AFC (see para B–1).
(2) Request frequency assignments for development or tests at Federal facilities involving Joint-Service contracts
for which Army is the executive agent or lead Service for that contract.
4–3. United States and possessions frequency assignment types and actions
National approval for Army systems to access the EMS within the US&P is evidenced by NTIA’s placement of a
frequency assignment record in the Government Master File database. An Army S–D system that no longer has reg-
ulatory protection through a valid assignment is required to cease operation immediately.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 13
a. Unless otherwise directed by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, applicants will submit spectrum
requests using the standard frequency action format (SFAF) as found in MCEB Pub 7 (see app A for availability.)
b. Types of US&P frequency assignments include the following:
(1) Regular (“permanent”) frequency assignments are valid for an unspecified period of time and contain a review
date that is 5 to 10 years from the initial date of approval.
(2) Temporary frequency assignments are valid for a specified period of time with an expiration date not to exceed
five years.
(3) Trial frequency assignments are made for the purpose of selecting a suitable, specific operating frequency for
regular assignment with an expiration date not to exceed 2 years.
c. ACP 190, U.S. Supplement-1(D) describes the types of spectrum actions and coordination channels and provides
guidance and procedures for processing assignment requests. Frequency assignment actions include the following:
(1) New assignments. Requests for new frequency assignments must contain the information required in the SFAF
and any additional information necessary to provide a clear and accurate description of the requirement. Requests for
assignments must be submitted in accordance with the lead times listed below, or the applicant must provide an impact
statement justifying noncompliance.
(a) Regular assignments require a minimum of 120 days’ lead time.
(b) Temporary assignments require a lead time of 45 days. This includes testing and evaluating experimental equip-
ment, training exercises, and trial assignments.
(2) Assignment modifications. A modification request may be granted for any item in an assignment except for the
frequency, serial number, and transmitter state or country fields. A modification is generally required when the oper-
ational, technical, or geographical data of the record changes. Additionally, assignments with expiration dates may be
renewed. Requests for renewal must be submitted in DOD standard format and received by the supporting AFC no
later than 90 days prior to the expiration date. These assignments automatically expire, if no action is taken, and
operation must cease immediately.
(3) Assignment deletions. Using activities will submit requests for assignment deletion (to include navigational
aid identifiers) by letter, message, or e-mail, using the DOD standard format, through spectrum management channels
when assignments are no longer required.
(4) Five and ten-year reviews of regular frequency assignments. The supporting Army AFC will provide users a
listing of frequency records requiring 5– and 10–year reviews with a suspense date. Suspense dates are based on the
NTIA designation date and will provide adequate time for the assignment review to be processed. In accordance with
NTIA Manual, all regular assignments registered in the Government Master File require review to ensure that:
(a) Frequency assignments are in current use and are correctly reflected in the Government Master File.
(b) Frequency assignments are required for continued operations for the purpose stated in their justification.
(c) Frequency assignments are still qualified for authorization under the provisions of the regulations contained in
the NTIA Manual.
d. NTIA will delete frequency assignments from the Government Master File that are not reviewed by the NTIA’s
allotted suspense date and will notify the CIO/G –6, by way of a letter, of all deleted assignments. Users will be notified
of the deletion by their supporting AFC.
4–4. International and host nation frequency approval and registration
Non-US&P military frequency coordination is handled through international military channels that have been estab-
lished for military frequency planning and coordination.
a. Army organizations and installations located outside the US&P requiring special frequency support, such as
outside normal tactical and training requirements, must contact the supporting spectrum manager to request assistance
for coordinating and obtaining host-nation approval to radiate. Normally, host nation approval to radiate is signified
by written notification and insertion of assignments in the national frequency assignment database. Units should expect
long lead times (in excess of the 120-day minimum for regular assignments) for such coordination and plan accord-
ingly.
b. International frequency registration for specific types of military S –D systems requiring protection, such as
satellite Earth stations and fixed-base infrastructure, is accomplished by the host nation on behalf of the United States
through the ITU.
4–5. Ship radio station identification
To submit a request for ship radio station identification, contact ASMO, National Regulatory Branch, frequency as-
signment team.
a. ASMO is the authority for issuing the following to Army organizations:
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 14
(1) International call signs under ITU Radio Regulations; the NTIA Manual of Regulations and Procedures for
Federal Radio Frequency Management; and implementation policy and procedures of the FCC.
(2) Ship Radio Authorization (SRA) for Army vessels and watercraft in accordance with the call sign book for
ships, ACP 113 (AI).
(a) SRAs are required for operation of non-tactical shipboard radio stations used on any watercraft owned or op-
erated by the Army.
(b) SRAs are in effect for 3 years from the last month in which issued. ASMO must receive a request for renewal
at least 30 days before the expiration date indicated on the RFA. SRAs that are not renewed in the above time periods
are subject to cancellation, and may be assigned to another station.
(c) SRAs are documented by the CIO/G–6, so that ASMO may delete from the National Registry as required. The
Owning unit must notify ASMO when C–E equipment is permanently removed from a vessel, a vessel is sold,
scrapped, or otherwise disposed of, or if a vessel is transferred to another agency.
b. ASMO will register Army Maritime Mobile Service Identity with the FCC and U.S. Coast Guard, in accordance
with ITU Radio Regulation 19.30 and the NTIA Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency
Management.
4–6. Tactical radio call signs and call words
Call signs associate radio stations with command authorities, activities, facilities, units, elements, or individual posi-
tions. In Army usage, a call sign is a combination of letters and digits and is used to establish and maintain communi-
cations. Call signs are not to be used to identify people; however, call words, such as “RED DOG 6” or “SPEEDY
TULIP 3,” are authorized for communications only when operating in a secure mode. This applies to aeronautical,
maritime, and ground stations. If operating as a part of a Joint Task Force, refer to the Joint CEOI, master net list, in
accordance with Joint Publication (JP) 6 –01.
4–7. Electromagnetic interference resolution
In accordance with CJCSM 3320.02D, incidents of EMI will be resolved at the local unit level, when possible, and all
incidents are reported in the Joint Spectrum Interference Resolution Online at the following Secret Internet Protocol
Network (SIPRNET) site: https://intelshare.intelink.sgov.gov.
Chapter 5
Access to Non-Government Frequency Bands, Use of Spectrum-Dependent Commercial
Off-the-Shelf Systems, Terrestrial Radio, Satellite Systems, Unmanned Vehicles, and
Electronic Attack Operations
5–1. Introduction
This chapter contains policies for Army use of spectrum allocated in the United States to non-Federal users, including
the private sector and state and local authorities on an exclusive or shared basis, as well as policies for Army use of
specific civil and military RF systems crucial to the Army’s missions. Refer to the NTIA Manual of Regulations and
Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management to obtain the latest policies regarding Federal use of the EMS.
5–2. Access to non-Government bands
The Army may request and gain authorization by the FCC, as outlined in chapter 7 of the NTIA Manual and Title 47
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 15 (47 CFR 15), to use frequencies in certain non-Government bands in
order to meet peacetime tactical and training requirements, as well as certain other bands for test range requirements.
Frequencies will be assigned by the supporting AFCs only when spectrum requirements cannot be satisfied in Gov-
ernment bands and when operation will not cause interference to non-Government service. The Army must accept
interference caused by authorized non-Government users. Military use of a particular frequency in these bands will
not preclude new non-Government assignments on that frequency. Specific policy concerning assignments in the
above bands includes:
a. Government use of non-Government bands. Government users may obtain agreement from the FCC for Federal
systems to use frequencies allotted to non-Government operations. Such cases must meet the following minimum
criteria before submitting the request through spectrum coordination channels:
(1) The assignment must be essential for communications with non-Government entities and cannot be met through
use of regularly designated Government bands. (For example, an Army installation provost marshal wishes to operate
in a local county or municipal police network, Army medical evacuation helicopters wish to operate in a statewide
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 15
medical evacuation network, or an installation fire department wishes to operate in a local county or city fire depart-
ment network.)
(2) The FCC licensee and the requesting agency have concluded a mutually approved arrangement, and the licensee
has provided written authorization for the Army unit to operate on the particular frequency. The requestor will forward
a copy of this authorization to supporting AFC.
(3) The intended operation will not prohibit expansion of the non-Government services for which the frequencies
are allotted and will be––
(a) Conducted in the geographical area of the licensee.
(b) Restricted to the purpose for which the particular frequency is authorized to the non-Government stations.
(c) Operated in accordance with FCC rules and regulations.
(d) Terminated if it causes harmful interference to the non-Government stations.
b. Operation and registration of Federal Communications Commission—licensed station on Army installa-
tions. Citizens band, amateur radio, taxi companies, and other radio operators that are FCC-licensed may transmit on
Army installations, but will be subject to limitations imposed by the installation commander. Limitations, if any, will
be published in an installation regulation. The regulation must not impose limitations so severe that they unnecessarily
infringe on the rights of the individual to operate a radio according to FCC rules and regulations. Users must coordinate
with the installation DNEC spectrum manager, or in the case of a CTC, users must also coordinate with the installation
G–6 prior to operation of such equipment on the installation.
5–3. Use of spectrum-dependent, commercial off-the-shelf systems
S–D COTS obtained by use of Government purchase or impact cards must be pre-approved by the installation organ-
ization spectrum manager or CIO/G–6. The systems include the following:
a. Non-licensed “Part 15” or short-range devices. A non-licensed device is a low-power intentional, uninten-
tional, or incidental radiator or device that meets the technical specifications and policies in Title 47 Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) 15 (47 CFR 15), containing the FCC’s rules and regulations. The NTIA has adopted 47 CFR 15
as Annex K of the NTIA Manual. The term “short-range device” is used by non-U.S. nations to describe RF devices
that meet similar host nation-specific low-power rules. Examples of non-licensed devices are wireless local area net-
works, WI–FI systems, wireless microphones, cordless telephones, and garage-door openers.
(1) Federal Communications Commission rules. FCC rules state that non-licensed devices will not be deemed to
have any vested or recognizable right to continued use of any given frequency and are not afforded any protection
from interference (under 47 CFR 15.5). If a device covered under Part 15 causes interference to an authorized civilian
or Federal radio service, the non-licensed device must immediately cease operation. (See the NTIA Manual for addi-
tional details regarding Army use of Part 15 devices.)
(2) United States and possessions operations. Non-licensed devices operating within the US&P supporting garri-
son operations do not require a DD Form 1494 and may be operated officially without a NTIA approved frequency
assignment; however, DOD requires a frequency assignment registered in the Frequency Resource Record System
database and Army users must obtain frequency authorization from the supported AFC.
(3) Outside United States and possessions operations. Theater commanders and host nations decide if frequency
support is available and the requirements for frequency assignments. Users must submit a DD Form 1494 through the
supporting spectrum manager for equipment that intentionally radiates and will be deployed outside the US&P.
(4) Army materiel developers. Army MATDEVs undertake significant mission risk when procuring and fielding
non-licensed devices for systems intended to operate in tactical operational environments. It is highly recommended
that Army activities do not use non-licensed Part 15 or short-range devices for critical mission-command applications.
b. Installation commanders. Installation commanders should strongly consider limiting the use of Part-15 devices
to the installation cantonment area, and should work with the range/base installation spectrum manager, to develop an
installation-level policy statement for the use of Part-15 devices.
c. General Mobile Radio Service. The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a personal two-way voice com-
munications service that operates on 16 frequencies in the 460–470 megahertz (MHz) exclusive, civil frequency band.
GMRS will not be used by Army units for tactical or combat operations (47 USC 95 provides regulatory guidance).
d. Family Radio Service. The Family Radio Service (FRS) is a personal two-way radio service that operates in the
exclusive civil 460–470 MHz frequency band on 14 frequencies that are placed between GMRS frequencies.
(1) Army entities are authorized to purchase and operate FRS radios certified by the FCC, pursuant to Part 95,
Subpart B of the FCC Rules and Regulations (see 47 CFR 95.B). Army users will be granted the same status and
privileges as non-Federal users because FRS users must share each channel and no user is assured protection from
interference caused by another authorized user. The Army user assumes those limitations when this equipment is
purchased and operated. Army entities may not purchase or operate FRS radios for planned communications
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 16
operations that safeguard human life or property. No license or frequency assignment is required in the US&P. Pos-
session and use of FRS radios outside the US&P is subject to host nation and international regulations.
(2) The installation commander may prohibit or restrict FRS use when interference to mission essential electro-
magnetic equipment is anticipated or to resolve a suspected interference problem. Likewise, the installation com-
mander is under no obligation to protect FRS from interference.
(3) Use only FCC-certified FRS. Any modifications to the equipment such as, but not limited to, boosting power,
using non-stock antennas, or altering the antenna to increase gain, cancels the FCC certification and voids authority.
Illegal FRS equipment is subject to confiscation.
(4) The FCC may restrict use of the FRS radios if the station is located within the National Radio Quiet Zone (areas
of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia bounded by 39o15’N 78o30’W, 39o15’N 80o30’W, 37o 30’N 78o 30’W,
and 37o 30’N 80o30’W).
e. Amateur frequencies. The Army will not use frequencies designated for amateur radio users within the US&P
during normal peacetime conditions, except as authorized by the NTIA or FCC.
f. Citizen band radios. The following policies apply to Army users of citizen’s band radios:
(1) Regulations governing the use of citizen’s band radios are found in 47 CFR 95.D. Army radio stations may use
frequencies in the 26.97–27.41 MHz band, provided that—
(a) Justification indicates such an assignment is necessary for intercommunications with non-Government stations.
(b) Approval for use on post, camp, or station is subject to local requirements and restrictions of the installation
commander.
(2) Possession of citizen’s band radios outside the United States is subject to host nation and other international
regulations.
g. Specialized Mobile Radio service. Government agencies, including the Army, are authorized to use the Special-
ized Mobile Radio (SMR) service in the 806 –824 MHz, 851–869 MHz, 896–901 MHz, and 935 –940 MHz land
mobile bands under the following conditions:
(1) The Army will not establish an SMR system or provide an SMR service in the above-listed frequency bands.
Army elements will operate only as an “end user” with an FCC-licensed private carrier on a contractual basis. Since
the SMR service is not considered to be in the common carrier service, spectrum authorization to Federal agencies,
including the Army, will be contingent upon the continuation of the negotiated contract with the private carrier.
(2) Army elements must obtain spectrum authorization through NTIA to operate in the band corresponding to that
in which the private carrier has been licensed, in the geographic area, by the FCC when becoming an “end user” in
the SMR service. Federal agencies, including the Army, will not request SMR frequencies from the FCC.
(3) Army users submitting applications to NTIA to obtain authorization to use SMR services will include the sys-
tem name and the private carrier’s name in SFAF Item 705, and the exact number of mobile receivers in SFAF Item
341 (see MCEB Pub 7).
h. Cellular telephone systems. These systems operate in exclusive non-Government spectrum. U.S. national spec-
trum policy does not permit assignment of these frequencies to Federal Government agencies, including DOD, on a
primary basis. Army use of these frequencies, on a non-interference basis, will require coordination with the incum-
bent license holder and the FCC. Army activities must contract through an appropriate contract vehicle for access
through FCC licensed holders.
5–4. Use of government terrestrial radio systems
a. Air traffic control. Air traffic control frequencies are used to control the movement of aircraft and will only be
approved in spectrum internationally allocated on an exclusive basis to the aeronautical radio-navigation or aeronau-
tical mobile radio services. As an exception, the Federal Aviation Administration provides back up air traffic control
communication services to the military in the 225 –400 MHz frequency band.
b. Land mobile radio systems. Within the US&P, Land Mobile Radio (LMR) frequencies in the 138 –144 MHz
and 148–150.8 MHz bands have been allotted for primary use; the 380–399.9 MHz range has been allotted for exclu-
sive use. Units requesting LMR frequencies are encouraged to request assignments in the 138 –144 MHz, 148–149.9
MHz, 150.05–150.8 MHz, and 380–399.9 MHz bands unless there are operational needs that require the use of another
band. Before deploying equipment overseas, users must receive assurance from the responsible CCMD that host nation
LMR frequency authorizations are available.
(1) Specific frequencies. The following LMR policies also apply:
(a) Coordination must be made with supporting AFCs and installation spectrum personnel to determine, prior to
procurement, if new LMRs can be assigned specific frequencies.
(b) All LMR frequency assignments in the 138 –144 MHz bands, 148 –150.8 MHz bands, and 380 –399.9 MHz
bands must follow the 12.5-kilohertz channelization plan and the guidance contained in Deputy Secretary of Defense
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 17
Memorandum, dated 1 August 2001, subject: Policy for Land Mobile Radio Systems, and section 2.3.10.1 (LMR
Systems) of the NTIA Manual.
(2) Trunked land mobile radio systems.
(a) A trunked LMR system is a spectrum efficient method to meet LMR operational requirements. Army installa-
tions may be the lead agency for such systems, and Army units may share use of an existing or planned system spon-
sored by another military Service or Federal agency. DA Pam 25 –1–1 provides IM and acquisition policy and proce-
dures for these systems. Army units and agencies managing trunked LMR systems will allow access by other Federal
agencies to the trunked system where it is operationally and technically feasible.
(b) Army validation and NTIA approval is required prior to purchase of LMR systems. If the Army is the lead
agency for a trunked LMR system, the Army installation or activity commander will comply with the procedures
outlined in section 9, chapter 10 of the NTIA Manual.
(c) NTIA will not issue frequency assignments for a trunked LMR system until the Spectrum Planning Subcom-
mittee has issued a written system review approval.
c. Special considerations for high frequency requests within the United States and possessions. The use of high
frequency for domestic, point-to-point service within the US&P is limited to the following conditions:
(1) The following policy applies specifically to situations when LMR high frequency systems are to be used for
transmission of emergency, command control, and alerting:
(a) Circuits will be in an operational status at all times, and there will be routine on-the-air tests to assure readiness.
(b) Frequency assignments for such circuits will be protected commensurate with the importance of the communi-
cations requirement.
(2) When required in an emergency where life, public safety, or important property is in danger and other commu-
nications means are nonexistent, temporarily disrupted, or inadequate.
(3) When there is a need to provide a communications system manned by qualified operators who are military
reservists, Army auxiliary radio system personnel, or personnel knowledgeable in tactical or training systems. These
frequencies will not be used for traffic that can be routinely handled by other means.
(4) When other telecommunications facilities, such as the Defense Communications System and Military Auxiliary
Radio System, do not exist, are not practical for installation, and the use of frequencies above 30 MHz is not practical.
d. Maritime use and others. The 156.2475–157.45 MHz band is allocated for maritime mobile communications.
In addition to the sub-band allocated to the Government, several channels are also available for Government use as
outlined in chapters 5 of the NTIA Manual.
5–5. Use of commercial and military satellite systems
Overall DOD policy and guidance for obtaining military and commercial satellite system access is described in CJCSI
6250.01E. Army policies and procedures for commercial satellite systems are described in DA Pam 25–1–1.
a. Commercial satellite communications. In general, the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) is DOD’s
only authorized service provider for fixed and mobile SATCOM services.
(1) All satellite terminals capable of accessing commercial satellites in the Fixed Satellite Service must comply
with the SATCOM regulations in 47 CFR 25. One of two situations will apply: Either the Government owns and
operates the terminal equipment, or the terminal equipment is leased or commercially owned.
(a) If the equipment is leased or commercially owned, the commercial provider is responsible for securing certifi-
cations and the frequency assignments found in 47 CFR 25.
(b) If the equipment is DOD-owned, DOD must request certification under 47 CFR 25 in order to obtain spectrum
certification. When processing the DD Form 1494, submit proof of compliance with 47 CFR 25, as part of the DD
Form 1494 package to ASMO. Also, request required frequency assignments from ASMO once the NTIA and the
FCC have granted support.
(2) Refer to MCEB–M–008–03 (see app A) for procedures and guidance regarding DOD users of Earth terminals
utilizing commercial Fixed Satellite Service outside of the US&P.
(3) Users should contact DISA for guidance on leased Fixed Satellite Service under the Future Commercial Satel-
lite Communications Services Acquisition, which consists of a comprehensive set of acquisition activities that replace
expired and expiring DISA and General Services Administration contracts, including the Defense Information Sys-
tems Network Satellite Transmission Services - Global and International Maritime Satellite (INMARSAT) Bridges
contract. Information may be obtained by accessing http://www.disa.mil/network-services/satellite or
https://www.gsa.gov/technology/technology-purchasing-programs/telecommunications-and-network-services/satel-
lite-communications-satcom-products-and-services.
(4) Mobile Satellite Service provides communication capabilities for mobile Earth stations by means of one or
more space stations.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 18
(5) Since DOD is considered a user, the service provider is responsible for all spectrum supportability issues, in-
cluding host nation coordination.
b. International Maritime Satellite. The Army’s use of INMARSAT is allowable for filling voids in primary Army
communications networks. Neither spectrum certification nor frequency assignment is required for INMARSAT op-
erations. Refer to AR 25 –13, the NTIA Manual, and DA Pam 25 –1–1 for guidance. For further assistance, contact
ASMO or DISA.
c. Iridium. In accordance with DOD CIO policy, as outlined on the DISA Web site regarding enhanced mobile
satellite services (http://disa.mil/network-services/satellite/emss), Iridium is approved for use as a commercially-
leased service. Neither a spectrum certification nor frequency assignment is required; however, special procedures
exist for the purchase and use of Iridium service and equipment (see AR 25 –13). Users should contact ASMO and
DISA for guidance.
5–6. Unmanned vehicles
a. Joint Tactical Information Distribution System/Multifunction Information Distribution System. The Joint Tac-
tical Information Distribution System/Multifunction Information Distribution System operates in the 960 –1215 MHz
band over 51 frequencies with the identification, friend, or foe 1030 MHz and 1090 MHz RF frequencies notched out.
Frequency assignments and operations must be in strict adherence with CJCSI 6232.01E. Units with a secure sockets
layer client certificate can access this at http://www.dtic.mil. Additional planning guidance may be found in the Joint
Tactical Information Distribution System/Multifunction Information Distribution System Spectrum Users Guide,
available at https://www.my.af.mil.
b. Unmanned aerial vehicle frequencies.
(1) The Army will comply with Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense policy mandating the Ku-Band Com-
mon Data Link. (See Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Memorandum: Un-
manned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Spectrum Policy Guidance, dated 14 April 2006, on the SIPRNET.) However, due
to the latency of the memorandum, spectrum managers should verify with current spectrum allocations before making
frequency assignments.
(2) Army SSRAs for RF systems using Ku-band will quantify the necessary conditions to ensure mutual EMC with
other military, Federal, and civil spectrum systems.
c. Unmanned ground vehicles.
(1) Unmanned ground vehicle links using spectrum allocated on a primary or co-primary basis for the mobile radio
service will receive regulatory protection.
(2) Legacy unmanned ground vehicle links in frequency bands allocated to the Industrial, Scientific and Medical
radio service will not receive regulatory protection and will meet the technical criteria and policies in Annex K of the
NTIA Manual.
5–7. Electronic attack operations
An approved DD Form 1494 or frequency assignment does not constitute approval to conduct EA training or testing
of EW systems. The testing and training of EA systems, such as the employment of counter remote control improvised
explosive device electronic warfare (CREW) devices, or the exercise of Global Positioning System EA, will be con-
ducted on a noninterference basis with other spectrum dependent systems, or services, and are subject to immediate
shutdown if operations cause unintended interference. In the US&P, the NTIA recognizes CJCSM 3212.02D as the
official guidance for frequency clearance procedures when conducting EAs.
a. EA frequency clearances are granted as follows:
(1) Users of EW equipment must comply with local EA frequency clearances, host nation agreements, CCMD
directives, MC4EB policy and procedures, the guidance received from the DD Form 1494 process, and any other
guidance provided by the Director, ASMO to the MATDEV.
(2) EA testing, training, and exercises involving the Global Positioning Systems will be conducted in accordance
with CJCSM 3212.03A.
b. Non-US&P and overseas applicants will submit EA requirements in accordance with the directives of CCMDs
or host nation agreements. Combatant commanders, with the exception of USNORTHCOM, are responsible for all
military use of frequencies, including EA, within their AORs.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 19
Chapter 6
Consequences and Risks of Noncompliance
6–1. Introduction
The development and employment of S –D systems without a determination of spectrum supportability, risks denial
of use by a host nation and places combat capabilities at risk through the introduction of harmful interference into the
battle space. Furthermore, punitive action may be taken against violators due to noncompliance with the policies
referenced and outlined in this regulation. It is vital from both operational and regulatory perspectives that Army
personnel are cognizant of the ramifications of developing and fielding systems that cannot be fully supported by all
spectrum environments.
6–2. Oversight by the Chief Information Officer/G– 6, Command, Control, Communications, and
Computers
a. In accordance with AR 70–1 and 40 USC 1401 (The Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996), the CIO/G–6 will not concur
with the continuation or modification of Army S –D programs unless those programs are in compliance with the pro-
visions of chapters 1 through 5.
b. Sources of funding that are subject to withholding for noncompliance with this regulation include those stated
in DODI 5000.02, AR 70–1, and CCMD initiative funds.
6–3. Notice of apparent liability
Adherence to FCC regulations as found in 47 CFR and the NTIA Manual and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency
Management is mandatory for Army civilians, military, and contract personnel. Punitive measures may result from
violations of the CFR. Refer to 47 USC 503 regarding punishment of any person that willfully or repeatedly fails to
comply with any of the provisions stated.
6–4. Host nation denial of authorization to operate
The United States accepts its international treaty obligations, recognizing that spectrum regulation is a sovereign na-
tional right. Failing to meet spectrum supportability standards will result in that host nation denying U.S. forces the
permission to operate within their sovereign territory. Such a denial results in an inability to train and stage for combat
operations. Host nation denial of supportability also affects Army organizations that may be operating adjacent to a
friendly nation, such as along a border.
a. Army personnel will comply with international and host nation spectrum-related laws, regulations, and technical
standards.
b. Army personnel will fully assist host nation authorities in identifying possible U.S. sources of interference to
host nation S–D systems.
c. Incidents involving mutual interference between Army and host nation S–D devices must be reported as a matter
of priority through Army components to the CCMD spectrum manager and the ASMO.
Note. In accordance with CJCSI 5116.05, the organization previously known as the Military Communications-Elec-
tronics Board (MCEB) has changed its name to the Military Command, Control, Communications, and Computer
(C4) Executive Board (MC4EB). MCEB Publication 7 and MCEB Publication 8 will be renamed to reflect changes
made to the organization’s name (MC4EB) during their next scheduled revision. To alleviate confusion to the reader
of this regulation, references to these documents will reflect their names as currently listed (for example, MCEB and
vice MC4EB).
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 20
Appendix A
References
Section I
Required Publications
ACP 113 (AI)
Allied Communications Publications, Call Sign Book for Ships (Cited in para 4–5a(2).) (Available on the Army Spec-
trum Management Office (ASMO) SharePoint Site at https://go.usa.gov/xe4xz, upon request.)
ACP 190 (D)
Allied Communications Publications, Guide to EMS Management in Military Operations (Cited in para 2–11d .)
(Available on the Army Spectrum Management Office (ASMO) SharePoint Site at https://go.usa.gov/xe4xz, upon
request.)
ACP 190 U.S. Supp–1(D)
Allied Communications Publications, Guide to Frequency Planning, U.S. Supplement-1(D) (Cited in para 2–11d(11)
.) (Available on the Army Spectrum Management Office (ASMO) SharePoint Site at https://go.usa.gov/xe4xz, upon
request.)
AR 25–13
Army Telecommunications and Unified Capabilities (Cited in para 5–5b.)
AR 70–1
Army Acquisition Policy (Cited in para 2–1b.)
Base Closure and Realignment Act of 2005
Base Closure and Realignment Act of 2005 (Cited in para 4–2b(3).) (Available at http://www.defense.gov.)
CJCSI 3320.02F
Joint Spectrum Interference Resolution (Cited in para 2–2g(20).) (Available at http://www.jcs.mil/library/.)
CJCSI 3320.03D
Joint Communications Electronics Operating Instructions (Cited in para 2–8c.) (Available at http://www.jcs.mil/li-
brary/.)
CJCSI 6232.01E
LINK–16 Spectrum Deconfliction (Cited in para 5–6a.) (Available at http://www.jcs.mil/library/.)
CJCSI 6250.01E
Satellite Communications (Cited in para 5–5.) (Available on the SIPRNET by the Army Spectrum Management Office
(ASMO), upon request.)
CJCSM 3212.02D
Performing EA in the United States and Canada for Tests, Training, and Exercises (Cited in para 2–11d(9) .) (Avail-
able on the SIPRNET by the Army Spectrum Management Office (ASMO), upon request.)
CJCSM 3212.03A
Performing Tests, Training, and Exercises Impacting the Global Positioning System (GPS) (Cited in para 5–7a(2).)
(Available on the SIPRNET by the Army Spectrum Management Office (ASMO), upon request.)
CJCSM 3320.02D
Joint Spectrum Interference Resolution (JSIR) Procedures ( (Cited in para 2–2g(20).) (Available at
http://www.jcs.mil/library/.)
DA Pam 25–1–1
Army Information Technology Implementation Instructions (Cited in para 3–3b.)
DA Pam 70–3
Army Acquisition Procedures (Cited in para 2–1b.)
DA Pam 611–21
Military Occupational Classification and Structure (Cited in para D–4a(17).)
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 21
Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum
Policy for Land Mobile Radio Systems (Cited in para 5–4b(1)(b).) (Available on the Army Spectrum Management
Office (ASMO) SharePoint Site at https://go.usa.gov/xe4xz, upon request.)
DODD 5000.01
The Defense Acquisition System (Cited in para 1–6a .) (Available at https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/.)
DODI 3222.03
DOD Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Program (Cited in para 3–3e.) (Available at
https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/.)
DODI 4650.01
Policy and Procedures for Management and Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum (Cited on the title page.) (Available
at https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/.)
DODI 5000.02
Operation of the Defense Acquisition System (Cited in para 6–2b.) (Available at https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/.)
ITU Radio Regulation 19.30
International Telecommunications Union Radio Regulation (cited in para 4–5b.)(Available at https://www.itu.int.)
JP 6–01
Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Operations (Cited in para 4–6.) (Available at http://www.jcs.mil/doc-
trine.)
MCEB Pub 7
Frequency Resource Record System (FRRS) Standard Frequency Action Format (SFAF) (Cited in para 4–3a.) (Avail-
able at https://acc.dau.mil.)
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management (Redbook) (Cited on the title page
.) (Available at http://www.ntia.doc.gov/)
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Memorandum
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Spectrum Policy Guidance (Cited in para 5–6b(1).) (Available on the SIPRNET
at https://portal.nonrel.centcom.smil.mil.) (APD was unable to access this site; however the proponent requires this
reference.)
World Radiocommunication Conference
Radio Regulations (Cited in para 4–5a(1).) (Available at http://www.itu.int/pub/r-reg-rr.) (Note. Will require the re-
quester to create an account.)
47 CFR
Telecommunication (Cited on the title page.) (Available at https://www.govinfo.gov.)
40 USC 1401
The Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (Cited in para 6–2a.) (Available at http://www.gpo.gov.)
47 USC
Telecommunications (Cited in para 1–7c.) (Available at http://uscode.house.gov/.)
Section II
Related Publications
A related publication is a source of additional information. The user does not have to read it to understand this regu-
lation.
AR 1–1
Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution
AR 10–87
Army Commands, Army Service Component Commands, and Direct Reporting Units
AR 11–2
Managers’ Internal Control Program
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 22
AR 11–7
Internal Review Program
AR 25–1
Army Information Technology
AR 25–6
Military Auxiliary Radio System and Amateur Radio Program
AR 71–9
Warfighting Capabilities Determination
AR 95–2
Air Traffic Control, Airfield/Heliport, and Airspace Operations
AR 385–10
The Army Safety Program
CJCSI 5116.05
Military Command, Control, Communications, and Computers Executive Board (Available at http://www.jcs.mil/li-
brary/.)
Defense Acquisition Guidebook
Chapter 7.6.3, Spectrum Management and E3 in the Acquisition Life Cycle (Available at
https://www.dau.mil/tools/dag.)
DODD 6055.9E
Explosives Safety Management (ESM) (Available at https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/.)
DODI 6055.11
Protecting Personnel from Electromagnetic Fields (Available at https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/.)
DODI 8410.02
NetOps for the Global Information Grid (GIG) (Available at https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/.)
E3 and SM Assessment Guide for Operational Testing
Findings and Recommendations of the Study on Early Consideration of Spectrum Supportability in Spectrum De-
pendent System Acquisitions (A copy of the document can be found on the Army Spectrum Management Office
(ASMO) SharePoint Site at https://go.usa.gov/xe4xz upon request.)
JANAP 119
Joint Call Sign Book (A copy of the document can be found on the Army Spectrum Management Office (ASMO)
SharePoint Site at https://go.usa.gov/xe4xz upon request.)
Joint Tactical Information Distribution System
Multifunction Information Distribution System Spectrum Users Guide (A copy of the document can be found on the
Army Spectrum Management Office (ASMO) SharePoint Site at https://go.usa.gov/xe4xz upon request.)
MCEB Pub 8
Standard Spectrum Resource Format (SSRF) (A copy of the document can be found on the Army Spectrum Manage-
ment Office (ASMO) SharePoint Site at https://go.usa.gov/xe4xz upon request.)
MCEB–M–008–03
DOD Spectrum Procedures for the Use of Commercial Satellite Earth Terminals Outside United States and Posses-
sions (A copy of the document can be found on the Army Spectrum Management Office (ASMO) SharePoint Site at
https://go.usa.gov/xe4xz upon request.)
MIL–HDBK–240A
Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance Test Guide (Available at https://quicksearch.dla.mil.)
MIL–STD–188–124B
Grounding, Bonding and Shielding for Common Long Haul/Tactical communications Systems Including Ground Base
Communications-Electronics Facilities and Equipment (Available at https://quicksearch.dla.mil.)
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 23
MIL–STD–461G
Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment (Availa-
ble at https://quicksearch.dla.mil.)
MIL–STD–464C
Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems (Available at https://quicksearch.dla.mil.)
MIL–STD–469B
Radar Engineering Interface Requirements, Electromagnetic Compatibility (Available at https://quicksearch.dla.mil.)
MIL–STD–2169B
High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Environment (Available at https://quicksearch.dla.mil.)
OMB Circular A–11
Preparation, Submission and Execution of the Budget (Available at https://www.whitehouse.gov.)
Telecommunications Series TS–94
Handbook of Occupational Groups and Families (A copy of the document can be found on the Army Spectrum Man-
agement Office (ASMO) SharePoint Site at https://go.usa.gov/xe4xz upon request.)
50 USC
War and National Defense (Available at http://uscode.house.gov/.)
Section III
Prescribed Forms
Unless otherwise indicated, DD forms are available on the Executive Services Directorate (ESD) website:
http://www.esd.whs.mil/directives/forms/.
DD Form 1494
Application for Equipment Frequency Allocation (Prescribed in paras 2–2g(8).)
Section IV
Referenced Forms
Unless otherwise indicated, DA forms are available on the Army Publishing Directorate (APD) website:
https://armypubs.army.mil/.
DA Form 11–2
Internal Control Evaluation Certification
DA Form 2028
Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 24
Appendix B
Frequency Coordination
B–1. Frequency coordination channels
Functional coordination channels for ASMO, AFCs, and AFMO US&P are shown in figure B–1.
Figure B – 1. Functional coordination channels
B–2. Addresses and areas of responsibility for area frequency coordinators
The following is a list of contact information and AORs:
a. Army Frequency Management Office, United States and possessions located at Fort Sam Houston, TX
78234–2720. Telephone: (210) 221–2820, DSN: 471–2820/FAX:–2844. AOR: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Califor-
nia, Colorado (less the area west of 108oW), Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Guam,
Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan,
Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Car-
olina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennes-
see, Texas (less Fort Bliss and U.S. Territory within 240-kilometer (km) radius of WSMR), Utah (less the area east of
111oW), Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
b. Area frequency coordinator, AZ (entire state), located at Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613–6000. Telephone: (520)
538–6423 or –6424, DSN: 879–6423 or 6424, FAX: 879–8525.
c. Area frequency coordinator (SFIS –FAC–SS), White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico 88002 –5526. Tele-
phone: (505) 678–5417, DSN: 258–5417, FAX: 258–5281. AOR: State of New Mexico, Texas west of 104W, and
areas of Utah and Colorado between 108N and 111 N. West.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 25
Appendix C
Army Spectrum Supportability Risk Assessment Writing Guide
C–1. Introduction
This guide is written for all Army CBTDEVs, MATDEVs, and acquisition professionals, who develop, acquire, inte-
grate, or operate equipment that is dependent upon the use of, requires access to, is affected by, or has an effect upon
the EMS. The intent is to provide detailed guidance on how to assure spectrum access or compatibility for all Army
developed systems. The SSRA outline must be tailored for the type of acquisition, whether it is a singular system,
“family of systems” (FoS), or “system of systems” (SOS). Only one integrated SSRA will be prepared and submitted
to ASMO in support of the upcoming milestone or applicable decision (such as an in-process review, when required).
In addition to a title page and table of contents, a typical SSRA will include the sections described below, and in the
following format.
C–2. Section 1: Spectrum supportability risk assessment introduction
The SSRA Introduction will include the following:
a. A detailed system description.
b. The intended operational employment.
c. A description of one or two sentences, addressing why this SSRA is being submitted and explaining what mile-
stone or acquisition decision point is being supported.
d. A summarizing table, when applicable, shown below in table C–1, where “YY” is a placeholder.
e. In the cells below column heading, enter appropriate text.
Table C – 1
YY: System description and deployment — Continued
System
component
Materiel
readiness
level
S – D (Y/N) Stationary
deployment
Vehicle-
mounted
deployment
Personnel-
mounted
deployment
Other
deployment
Training
requirement
Text Text Y/N Text Text Text Text Text
C –3. Section 2: Spectrum considerations
SSRA spectrum considerations will include:
a. Section 2.1 of the SSRA: Program spectrum requirements and availability—
(1) Address the system spectrum requirements and the anticipated availability for all S–D equipment that make up
the system. Determine the following technical parameters of the system, based largely on recommended technology:
(a) Application: Operation only at fixed sites, during motion, transportable.
(b) Host platform (for example, dismounted Soldier, airborne, tactical operation center, and so forth).
(c) Frequency range of operation.
(d) Required throughput.
(e) Required radiated bandwidth.
(f) Receiver selectivity.
(g) Receiver criteria required for desired operation.
(h) Transmitter power output.
(i) Antenna gain and characteristics.
(j) Anticipated host nations (for example, United States only, and envisioned host nations).
(2) For a FoS or SOS, identify the number and types of radios, channel requirements, and so forth, that are needed
to provide for intended operation. Table C–2, below, provides an example of how to summarize the system spectrum
requirements.
Table C – 2
Summary of system spectrum requirements — Continued
System Radio Waveform Frequency band(s)
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 26
Table C – 2
Summary of system spectrum requirements — Continued
The system may be a composite
of multiple sub S – D equipment’s.
Identify the specific radio or
S – D equipment’s and chan-
nel requirements.
Identify all the waveforms in-
tended, necessary to support
the operating requirements.
Identify the frequency bands in-
tended, necessary to support
the operating requirements.
b. Section 2.2 of the SSRA: Regulatory requirements—
(1) In seeking spectrum access, the MATDEVs and the program managers (PMs) must address compliance of the
S–D system with U.S. national and international tables of frequency allocation, as well as agreements reached at the
ITU, and a determination of the compliance of the system with pertinent national and international technical standards.
(2) Permission to access the EMS is an internationally recognized sovereign national privilege that must be granted
by the host nation and can be denied or revoked. The DOD uses DD Form 1494 to provide host nation spectrum
authorities the technical parameters of U.S. military RF systems for approval to radiate within their borders. Note that
the DD Form 1494 is submitted for each individual S –D system and not for a hosting platform, such as an Abrams
tank.
(3) EW systems, such as CREW equipment, do not receive DD Form 1494, stage-4 certification and thus, are not
forwarded for host nation coordination during the development process.
(4) The CBTDEV, MATDEV, or PM will use the DD Form 1494 to forward a system’s basic RF parameters and
operating locations in each phase of the acquisition process to ASMO. After review, ASMO assigns a unique “Joint
Frequency 12” tracking number to each DD Form 1494, and then forwards the DD Form 1494 to a Joint process to
obtain DOD, national, and international spectrum approvals. DD Form 1494 information, deemed releasable by des-
ignated officials during the later phases of the acquisition cycle, is provided to host nations. ASMO will collect, and
forward to the CBTDEV and MATDEV, the Joint guidance, as well as U.S. national and host nation spectrum sup-
portability comments.
(5) For systems under development without a completed DD Form 1494 showing spectrum approval, CBTDEVs,
MATDEVs, and PMs—
(a) Provide ASMO with a separate DD Form 1494 for each system that is part of the acquisition, containing infor-
mation that is releasable at the appropriate classification level to each envisioned host nation.
(b) Determine countries for likely operational deployment.
(c) Determine the internationally recognized radio service of all pertinent S–D systems. (See chap 6, NTIA Manual,
the “Red Book.”)
(d) Identify portions of the equipment’s tuning range supported by each host nation’s table of frequency allocation.
If the table of frequency allocations for a particular host nation is not available in English, determine the allocations
and relevant host nation footnotes for the relevant ITU region as indicated in the “International Table” column of
chapter 4 of the NTIA Manual.
(e) Determine the relative regulatory status, for example, co-primary or secondary, assigned to the radio service by
the host nation’s table of frequency allocations.
(f) Obtain national comments on U.S. military systems of the same radio service and with similar technical char-
acteristics submitted for host nation spectrum approval by accessing the DOD’s Host Nation Spectrum Worldwide
Database Online (HNSWDO) available at https://hnswdo.disa.mil and on the SIPRNET at
https://gemsis.disa.smil.mil/, or by reviewing other co-band approved DD Form 1494s. (If the PM does not have ready
access to HNSWDO, contact the ASMO.)
(g) Identify other U.S. military, U.S. civil, and non-U.S. co-band, adjacent band, and harmonically related systems
likely to be collocated or in close proximity with one another, which may result in co-site interference, by querying
DOD equipment databases (such as the Joint Spectrum Center Data Access Web Server or the appropriate NTIA
database).
(h) Ensure that the functional solution analysis identifies operational parameters that the developers may use to
define spectrum parameters.
(i) Define initial spectrum requirements, frequency bands, and operational areas.
(j) Define the operational EME and include in the EMC consideration section.
(6) For systems with existing spectrum approval to operate (in other words, systems with current, approved DD
Forms 1494 for stage 4), developers—
(a) Obtain from ASMO copies of the approved DD Form 1494(s) containing the system’s technical parameters,
as well as U.S. and host nation spectrum supportability comments.
(b) Identify additional host nations of interest that are not included on any existing DD Form 1494.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 27
(c) Determine if there have been changes to the U.S. national or host nation tables of frequency allocation in the
system’s frequency bands.
(d) Identify new, major DOD, or civil telecommunication systems allowed to operate in the same frequency band
or adjacent frequency bands.
(e) Determine if there have been changes to any of the system’s technical parameters and if these changes are
included in the existing DD Form 1494s.
(f) Compare the S–D technical parameters of the system with newly adopted national or international technical
standards.
(7) Table C–3, below, provides an example of a typical format for use in the SSRA to summarize the regulatory
information. In the case where the system is, in fact, a FoS or a SOS, include all of the S –D systems that are, or will
be, integrated into the FoS or SOS. For a FoS or SOS, include, as noted in the “stage or status” column, the acquisition
program under which the system is being procured and point of contact information.
Table C – 3
Summary of regulatory information — Continued
J/F – 12
#
Nomenclature Stage or status CONUS Outside CONUS
Provide
The
Joint
Forces
number
here.
Provide the
System Nomen-
clature Here.
Provide the stage as 1,
2, 3, or 4. For the sta-
tus, use either
“approved date,” or
“inprocess at the
equipment spectrum
guidance awaiting
MC4EB guidance.”
Provide a yes, no, or
probability (high, me-
dium, low) of obtaining
necessary frequencies
for non-degraded oper-
ation. Provide full
MC4EB guidance, op-
erating conditions,
and/or restrictions as
reference file or report.
Provide a yes, no, or probability (high, medium, low)
of obtaining necessary frequencies for non-degraded
operation regarding outside CONUS, host nation ap-
proved status. Provide expanded status (which
CCMD(s) have it) and guidance where the system or
similar system has host nation approval, for which
countries, and the guidance or restrictions as a refer-
enced file or report. Information may be obtained
from ASMO and from HNSWDO.
c. Section 2.3 of the SSRA: Operational requirements—
(1) U.S. Identify and quantify the mutual interactions among the candidate systems within Army RF systems and
other Military RF systems in the operational environment. Identify suggested mitigations for possible instances of
EMI. Combat developers will ensure that the following data that drives spectrum requirements is provided to the
materiel developer:
(a) The intended RF propagation environment (for example, urban, jungle, desert, Earth-to-space, space-to-space
relays, or ground-to-air).
(b) The kind and quality of data or information transmitted, (for example, voice-recognition speech, wideband
digital data, or high-quality imagery).
(c) The range of distances over which the transmission will be sent, (for example, single-digit Km, 10s of Km, or
1,000s of km).
(d) The echelons involved (for example, corps-to-brigade, intra-company, or platoon-to-division).
(e) The developed operational scenarios, closely coordinated with the Cyber Center of Excellence, Frequency
Spectrum Proponent Office, the TRADOC capability manager, and other Army schools and centers, as appropriate.
(2) The developer may use the above information, as well as knowledge of technological trends, envisioned oper-
ational areas, and the intended operational mission, to better define the initial spectrum requirements, such as the
desired frequency bands, required transmitted bandwidths, and antenna type.
(3) Additionally, CBTDEVs, MATDEVs, or PMs will—
(a) Review the baseline mission for the concept of operations, focusing on deployment of the mission’s assets and
identify the mission-deployment plans (such as CCMD, CONUS, test and training sites).
(b) Determine the spectrum requirements of each operational mission in coordination with mission planners, in-
cluding technical parameters and operational information, such as Operational Frequency Range (bandwidth, power,
and so forth; radio service (fixed or mobile); and location, operating radius, route, and so forth).
(c) Examine spectrum supportability of each system or equipment in use individually on the basis of host nation
spectrum policy, and supportability comments for similar U.S. RF systems. Identify the intended area of operation
and the host nation spectrum allocation and regulatory status. Host nation comments may be obtained from the CCMD
in coordination with ASMO and the Joint Staff or from pertinent DOD databases, such as HNSWDO.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 28
(d) Examine spectrum supportability of each system or equipment in use individually on the basis of spectrum
availability. Review existing DD Form 1494s for similar systems in the required frequency range and operating loca-
tions.
(e) Examine spectrum supportability of the aggregate mission assets in theater by taking into account spectrum
availability.
(f) Quantify the regulatory and technical impacts of incremental, evolutionary, or spiral development changes to
the system’s RF parameters. (If necessary, contact ASMO for guidance regarding the necessity of revising the existing
documents and/or requesting approval for the new RF parameters).
1. Update any previous, detailed SSRAs to quantify interactions with co-band and adjacent band RF systems.
2. For systems located on platforms, quantify the potential effects of the new RF parameters on other co-sited RF
systems.
3. Identify and implement techniques to mitigate potential interference cause by the new RF parameters.
4. Forward to ASMO a request identifying the new host nations that are not included in the DD Form 1494.
(4) Determine if the system may be required to support United States Army North, the Army element of
USNORTHCOM, Department of Homeland Defense, or defense support to civil authorities’ incidents; coordinate
spectrum requirements through United States Army North.
d. Section 2.4 of the SSRA: Technical component—
(1) The technical component quantifies the mutual interactions between a candidate system and other, co-band,
adjacent band, and harmonically related RF systems, including the identification of suggested methods to mitigate the
effects of possible mutual interference.
(2) For the initial and pre Milestone B, the technical component may be accomplished through analysis. As the
acquisition progresses through the DAS phases, this should also progress through modeling and simulation and finally
be performed with the acquisition operating in the defined operational EME.
(3) Identify any proposed frequencies that overlap, or are in an adjacent band to, other systems in deployment or
mission areas. Determine if these frequencies need to be used in the same location at the same time in accordance with
the concept of operations.
(4) Determine the RF parameters of other S –D systems that can operate simultaneously within the AOR-based,
current concept of operations and “Army-allocated” resources; quantify the mutual interactions between all S–D sys-
tems.
(5) Construct and evaluate plausible interference scenarios that involve identified frequencies in the case of over-
lapping frequency usage and potential interference to a system with primary use.
(6) Obtain detailed information about the mission profile as well as in theater RF equipment such as power output,
antenna gain, bit rate, emission requirements, modulation (Waveforms), receiver selectivity, and frequency dependent
rejections (FDR).
(7) Determine through technical analysis if spectrum sharing is plausible using techniques such as operational
frequency reuse, spatial separation, directional antennas, and time-sharing.
(8) Consider options if spectrum supportability cannot be obtained and if all readily implementable regulatory,
technical, operational interference-mitigation techniques have been used without success; options may include chang-
ing equipment parameters, reducing emissions bandwidth requirements, time-sharing the environment, and changing
operating locations.
e. Section 2.5 of the SSRA: Issues, Ramifications, and Mitigation Measures. Identify action(s) necessary should
the required spectrum be unavailable, if the system is a FoS, or if there is an unavailability of the desired spectrum
dependent equipment to be integrated. Summarize the current risk assessment in a table or stoplight chart, such as the
chart depicted in table C–4.
Table C – 4
Template for the spectrum supportability risk assessment stoplight chart relative rating of electromagnetic and
environmental effects issues1 — Continued
Issue Green Yellow Red
1. (Out of band) X
2. (Emissions could potentially
cause interference to system or
other military systems)
X
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 29
Table C – 4
Template for the spectrum supportability risk assessment stoplight chart relative rating of electromagnetic and
environmental effects issues1 — Continued
3. (Potential hazard for electro-
magnetic radiation to personnel
(HERP))
X
4. (Potential hazard for electro-
magnetic radiation to ordnance
(HERO))
X
5. (Potential for electromag-
netic pulse (EMP))
X
6. (Potential for electrostatic
discharge (ESD))
X
Note. Additionally, raters must provide a brief summary of, and rationale for, the rating of each issue.
C–4. Section 3: Electromagnetic compatibility considerations
a. Section 3.1 of the SSRA: The E3 Program. DA Pam 70 –3 defines the requirement that each Army acquisition
will establish an Army E3 Program. The program includes:
(1) Identification through E3 tests and analysis that the system will operate, without affecting or being affected by,
the intended operational EME, as required.
(2) Development of supporting documentation, as applicable: E3 test reports, telecommunications electronics ma-
terial protected from emanating spurious transmissions report, Joint Interoperability Test Command certification, and
similar system lessons learned reports.
(3) An impact report on the fielding or integration of EA systems within the system or the AOR.
b. Section 3.2 of the SSRA: E3 Analyses and Tests Performed, Summarized.
(1) Table C–5 shows the type of E3 actions required in each DAS phase.
Table C – 5
Electromagnetic and environmental effects actions that are required in Defense Acquisition System phases — Continued
DAS phase Materiel solution
analysis
Technology devel-
opment
Engineering and man-
ufacturing develop-
ment
(System Development
and Demonstration)
Production and
deployment
Operations and support
E3 Program Define operational
EME, address in
SSRA
Address E3 in
JCIDS documents,
TEMP, SSRA
Review and update
EME and E3 test re-
quirements, address in
JCIDS documents,
TEMP, and SSRA
Review and up-
date EME and
E3 test require-
ments, Address
in JCIDS docu-
ments TEMP,
and SSRA
Monitor changes to sys-
tem or AOR for spectrum
impacts
(2) During the materiel solution analysis phase of the DAS, MATDEVs—
(a) Perform an initial EMC analysis to identify major anticipated electromagnetic interactions that require further
detailed study. The analysis should use, as a minimum, the technical parameters for the candidate system and the
technical parameters of systems expected to be in the candidate’s operational RF environment. The technical param-
eters of these systems may be taken from appropriate system characteristics or from frequency assignment databases.
(b) Evaluate the initial system RF parameters with respect to U.S. national and appropriate international spectrum
standards and develop plans to bring noncompliant systems into conformance.
(c) Determine the expected complement of RF dependent systems for other Army and DOD units anticipated to be
in the system’s operating environments. Consider that the system may have to operate without experiencing or causing
interference as part of the Army’s response to domestic disaster relief and public protection scenarios in support of
State and local civil authorities in the United States.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 30
(3) Perform a more detailed EMC analysis quantifying the mutual interference between the candidate system and
the RF systems used by other Army and DOD units in the operational environment, for example within a Brigade
Combat Team or during convoy missions. Inputs to this EMC analysis include the free-space path loss model and
system parameters obtained from databases. The results will be expressed in operational terms; for example, the fre-
quency- distance separation requirements between a transmitter and a receiver that must be maintained in order to
achieve mutual compatibility.
(4) The above data, analysis, and information will be reported in the SSRA and refined as the SSRA progresses
through the initial to the final SSRA. Data shall likewise progress from calculated to measured, as with the data re-
quired in the DD Form 1494 stages. The goal of these analyses is to quantify the mutual, operational degradation
caused by interactions between the system (or SOS) being acquired and other systems (affected by or dependent upon
the spectrum), or adjacent S–D systems typically found in the operational environment. Detailed EMC analyses, based
on measured system technical data and the technical parameters of other systems found in the target operational envi-
ronment taken from appropriate databases, must be performed. These analyses will—
(a) Determine the ratio of the received interference level to a given threshold, such as noise level or desired signal
power.
(b) Account for factors such as the FDR based on the frequency offset between the system being analyzed and
other systems.
(c) Use detailed antenna pattern data, as well as terrain-dependent propagation models.
(d) For mobile RF systems, compute the desired and undesired received signal levels using propagation models
developed specifically for mobile communications systems to determine any potential link degradation and blockage
due to atmospheric conditions or terrain and building obstructions within intended deployments areas.
(e) Use the appropriate detailed propagation model and the FDR data to generate frequency-distance curves that
express the requirements for compatibility during operations as, for example, the minimum frequency-distance sepa-
ration requirements required to achieve compatibility.
(f) Determine the required availability of link or outage percentage for reliability during a specified period of time,
typically a year. Calculate the detailed availability and outage time with (and without) interference by considering
path loss, rain attenuation, humidity, climate, temperature, and water and oxygen absorption.
(g) Consider how forward error correction techniques combat fading and interference to improve a given measure
of quality; for example, Eb/No (ratio of the energy in accordance with bit (Eb) to the spectral noise density (No)) for
more reliable transfer rates in a digital communication system.
(h) Determine the appropriate measure of operational degradation and how that measure degrades as a function of
the level of received environmental and co-site interference, for non-communications systems; for example, radar,
passive sensors, and so forth.
(i) Quantify intra-platform EMC among co-sited emitters and receivers for complex SOS platforms in terms of the
possibility and influence of: Inter-modulation, transmitter harmonic interference, transmitter spurious output interfer-
ence, transmitter noise interference, receiver desensitization interference, and a comparison of the measured system
RF parameters with U.S. national and appropriate international spectrum standards.
(j) Generate technical recommendations regarding mitigating potential interference by implementing channeliza-
tion plans and advanced narrow-beam antennas (such as active spot and contoured-beam) as well as passive RF com-
ponents (for example, filters, diplexers, couplers, and so forth).
(k) Review and address the MC4EB and national spectrum guidance resulting from the spectrum certification pro-
cess.
(l) Determine if the system meets appropriate military, national, and international spectrum standards for radiated
bandwidth, transmitter stability, and so forth.
c. Section 3.3 of the SSRA: Impact of EW on E3. For an SOS or FoS, provide a summary of the EW equipment
and their effects upon each other.
C–5. Section 4: Conclusions
Provide a summary of the issues and related risks identified when drafting sections 2 and 3 of the SSRA and an
assessment, conclusion of the impact, or potential degradation to the system’s operational requirements capabilities
as they are related to spectrum or EMC.
C–6. Section 5: Recommendations
Describe the outcome that the acquisition PM is striving to achieve.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 31
Appendix D
Internal Control Evaluation
D–1. Function
The functions covered by this evaluation are the administration of ASMP and the Army’s use of the EMS. The eval-
uation is designed to assist Army organizations such that they properly acquire and employ S –D systems. The evalu-
ation includes key controls for CIO/G–6 management of how the Army acquires and uses systems that employ capa-
bilities that make use of the EMS.
D–2. Purpose
The purpose of this evaluation is to assist HQDA, field operating agencies; ACOMs; ASCCs; DRUs; Research, De-
velopment, Test &Evaluation centers, and other organizations and installations in evaluating the key internal controls
outlined below; it is not intended to cover all controls.
D–3. Instructions
Answers must be based on the actual testing of internal controls (such as document analysis, direct observation, sam-
pling, simulation). Answers that indicate deficiencies must be explained and corrective action indicated in supporting
documentation. These key internal controls must be formally evaluated at least once every 5 years. Certification that
this evaluation has been conducted must be accomplished on DA Form 11 –2 (Internal Control Evaluation Certifica-
tion).
D–4. Test questions
a. Responsibilities. See also chapter 2.
(1) Is the MC4EB equipment frequency allocation guidance and an NTIA Certification of Spectrum Support com-
plete prior to entering into contractual obligations to procure or develop equipment that radiates or receives EMS?
(This applies to the command and staff of ASA (ALT) and AMC, installation commanders, DNECs, and G–6s.)
(2) Are operators of S–D equipment using non-Federal, Government spectrum aware that such use is on a nonin-
terference basis and that there are not protections for Army users when experiencing interference? (This applies to the
command and staff of ASA (ALT) and AMC, installation commanders, DNECs, and G–6s.)
(3) Are MATDEVs, CBTDEVs, and other acquisition professionals involved in efforts related to development or
procurement of S –D systems or S–D activities required to complete SSRAs for each phase of the DAS or S–D activ-
ity? (See chap 3 and app C.) (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, and TRADOC.)
(4) Are MATDEVs and other acquisition professionals involved in efforts related to development and or procure-
ment of S–D systems required to include spectrum supportability governance as rated objectives in officer, non- com-
missioned officer, and civilian performance? (This applies to ASA (ALT) and AMC.)
(5) Does the command or organization have a process to ensure that S –D systems comply with DOD, U.S. Army,
U.S. national, host nation, and international laws, policies, regulations, technical standards, treaties, and that frequency
assignments to individual systems are approved by designated national spectrum authorities? (This applies to ACOMs,
ASCCs, DRUs, installation commanders, DNECs, and G–6s.)
(6) Has the command programmed, planned, and funded for integrated spectrum management and awareness train-
ing in all leadership development courses as well as for maintenance training and professional development of as-
signed spectrum managers to ensure the Army’s ability to generate and project combat power through the efficient
management of the EMS? (This applies to TRADOC, ASCCs, installation commanders, DNECs, and G–6s.)
(7) Where appropriate, do CBTDEVs consider spectrum implications as part of the capabilities-based analysis and
as part of the development of materiel or non-materiel solutions during the execution of combat development pro-
cesses? (This applies to TRADOC.)
(8) Are SSRAs provided to the Army CIO/G–6 during all phases of the DAS? (See chap 3 and app C.) (This applies
to ASA (ALT) and AMC.)
(9) Is there a spectrum coordinator appointed to oversee issues relating to the acquisition of S–D systems? (This
applies to ASA (ALT) and AMC.)
(10) Have PMs or spectrum coordinators established a link with the ASMO, as to ensure that spectrum management
considerations affecting S–D initiatives are adequately addressed? (This applies to ASA (ALT) and AMC.)
(11) Is the organization properly and adequately resourcing the execution of SSRAs, EMC analyses, and E3 meas-
urements prior to milestones A, B and C, as appropriate, during the Army’s implementation of the DAS (see chap 3
and app C)? (This applies to ASA (ALT) and AMC.)
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 32
(12) Have MATDEVs generated required SSRAs to address spectrum management and EMC or EMI issues that
could affect operational system performance? (This applies to ASA (ALT) and AMC.)
(13) Has the command established and maintained spectrum manager positions to fulfill mission and functional
requirements? (This applies to ASCCs.)
(14) Does the command ensure tenant and visiting organizations’ force-spectrum requirements comply with DOD,
U.S. national, and host nation spectrum laws, regulations, policies, and technical standards as related to the perfor-
mance of the installation mission? (This applies to installation commanders and DNECs.)
(15) Has a program been established to conduct continuous review of frequency assignments, and are assignments
deleted or amended as appropriate within the AFC-allotted suspense date? (This applies to installation commanders
and DNECs.)
(16) Has a DNEC been appointed as a principal staff officer, with spectrum management responsibilities? Where
no fully resourced installation configuration exists, has the owning command established areas or regions and desig-
nated an installation to provide IM support? (This applies to installation commanders.)
(17) Do personnel filling spectrum management positions have the requisite training as reflected in their position
descriptions (civilian personnel - 0391) or military occupational specialties (Military Occupational Speciality-25E,
military personnel)? (This applies to all. See Handbook of Occupational Groups and Families, Telecommunications
Series TS–94. See also, DA Pam 611–21.
(18) Have the installation’s G –6 and spectrum management staff been assigned and charged with the responsibil-
ities noted in paragraphs 2–8 and 2–9, as appropriate to the command’s roles and missions? (This applies to installation
commanders.)
(19) Is there an established program of continuing review of frequency assignments in which reviewed assignments
are also deleted or amended as appropriate within the AFC-allotted suspense date? (This applies to installation com-
manders and DNECs.)
(20) Has the DNEC coordinated with other installation directorates to ensure that S–D equipment being developed
or procured by, or for use on, the installation is fully spectrum supportable? (This applies to installation commanders
and DNECs.)
(21) Has the command ensured that garrison spectrum emitters operate within geographical and technical param-
eters to promote EMC among equipment? (This applies to installation commanders and DNECs.)
(22) Are records maintained on the types of equipment, locations of equipment, and use of the spectrum and non-
tactical call signs assigned to the installation? (This applies to installation commanders and DNECs.)
b. Army spectrum management program. See also chapter 3.
Note. This also applies to COTS, discretionary funding, and Government Purchase Card Request purchases.
(1) Are the requirements for submission of DD Form 1494s known? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs,
PMs, product managers (PdMs), DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(2) Are DD Form 1494 records, with supporting documentation, maintained on file authorizing Army use of non-
licensed S–D COTS devices or other S–D devices, as required, for use within the US&P, or host nation? (This applies
to all. Electronic copies preferred.)
(3) Are contractual obligations made for equipment that transmits or receives RF energy, before efforts are made
to assure that it is frequency supportable? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other
purchasing officials.)
(4) Is equipment procured or leased off-the-shelf licensed by the FCC for operation in the non-Government fre-
quency bands? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(5) Are local spectrum managers and supporting AFCs allowed to participate in all phases of information systems
planning, including plans to modify equipment? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and
other purchasing officials.)
(6) Are all radio frequencies within the commander’s AOR authorized for use?
(7) Has an installation or activity spectrum manager been appointed for management of RF and non-tactical call
sign assignments? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(8) Are procedures established to obtain frequency and call sign assignments from the supporting AFC? (This
applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(9) Have appropriate technical considerations been given to mitigating electromagnetic interactions, such as in-
creasing the tuning range of the transmitter, filtering the receiver, or using high-gain narrow beam-width antennas?
(This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(10) Have “safe zones” been calculated to eliminate electromagnetic radiation effects on personnel, explosives,
and fuel? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 33
(11) Have plans been approved to address the spectrum management and EMC implications of Army use of COTS
equipment in tactical operations? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchas-
ing officials.)
(12) Have alternate means of communication been identified and approved if severe degradation of COTS equip-
ment in tactical environments is expected and, therefore, places operations in jeopardy? (This applies to ASA (ALT),
AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(13) Based only on technical factors, such as available bandwidth and propagation characteristics, have idealized
frequency bands or ranges been identified which could best support the telecommunications requirements? (This ap-
plies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(14) Do existing U.S. national, host nation, and international frequency allocations provide sufficient regulatory
protection for the radio services required by the system in the idealized frequency bands? (This applies to ASA (ALT),
AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(15) If appropriate allocations do not exist in the idealized bands, are there any appropriately allocated bands that
could satisfy the telecommunications requirements?
(16) Have penalties (in terms of time, cost, and performance) been associated with the available frequency alloca-
tion alternatives? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(17) Have areas or locations been identified in which the proposed system will be deployed?
(18) Has adequate consideration been given to mutual interactions with the intended EME, including Idealized
versus available frequencies, and trade-offs of time, cost, and performance? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs,
PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(19) Have SSRAs and EMC analysis been published which support the rationale for band selection and quantifies
mutual co-band and other electromagnetic interactions? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs,
DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(20) Are there any system limitations that may be imposed by mutual interactions with all intended EMEs? (This
applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(21) Have changes, such as frequency supportability, been identified from previously submitted planning data for
consideration? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(22) Are additional studies required to assess changes to system design, deployment, and other factors? (This ap-
plies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(23) Has consideration been given to the EMC potential of alternative telecommunications designs? (This applies
to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(24) Has appropriate EMC consideration been given to whether the proposed equipment or hardware can be tuned
to the necessary frequency? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing
officials.)
(25) Has adequate consideration been given to intra-system implications on flexibility and EMC, and the side ef-
fects on personnel and explosives? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other pur-
chasing officials.)
(26) Are spectrum considerations included in any request for procurement (RFP) preparation? (This applies to
ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, any other purchasing officials.)
(27) Have proper adjustments been made to overall system configuration based on the experimental stage? (This
applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(28) Do EMC specifications comply with prevailing standards and criteria? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC,
PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(29) Can deviations from prevailing standards and criteria for EMC be justified? Is such deviation approved by the
Army CIO/G –6? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(30) Have areas of current design been identified in which system performance is degraded due to EM environ-
ment, and will EMI problems be created in other systems? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs,
DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(31) Have plans for special tests, measurement techniques, and simulation efforts been defined that will help vali-
date design? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(32) Were specific frequency requirements identified for development systems-integration testing? (This applies
to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(33) Have basic technical characteristics been clearly defined, such as transmitted power, emission characteristics
(bandwidth, modulation, and data rate); antenna orientation and directivity; and receiver characteristics (sensitivity,
selectivity, and so forth)? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing
officials.)
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 34
(34) Have all special technical characteristics peculiar to the proposed system and having potential EMC problems
been adequately identified and described (such as complex modulation schemes, filters, special receiver circuitry,
signal processing, and so forth)? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing
officials.)
(35) Has all data developed during previous phases of the system’s life cycle been considered and evaluated in
completing the telecommunications requirements, and characteristics? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs,
PMs, PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(36) Have previous EMC analyses been reviewed and updated? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs,
PdMs, DNECs, and other purchasing officials.)
(37) Have equipment tests been specified to identify and validate performance aspects and susceptibility features
of the total system to EMI identified in previous and updated analyses? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs,
PMs, and PdMs.)
(38) Have both static and dynamic EMEs for testing been considered? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs,
PMs, and PdMs.)
(39) Have in-field EMC assessment techniques (frequency assignment aids, equipment usage aids, grading for
performance, measurement programs, EMC maintenance procedures) been considered to support procurement and
deployment planning for the system? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, and PdMs.)
(40) Has the number of frequencies required, within a specified band or bands, been identified? (This applies to
ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, and PdMs.)
(41) Have channeling limitations, transmit/receive separation, and other pertinent limitations and system peculiar-
ities been identified? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, and PdMs.)
(42) Have locations been identified for testing and operation? (This applies to ASA (ALT), AMC, PEOs, PMs, and
PdMs.)
c. Frequency assignment policy and procedure. See also chapter 2 (section 2–4), chapter 4, and chapter 5.
(1) Is there a program in place for continuing review of frequency assignments and for deleting or amending it?
(This applies to DNECs.)
(2) Are the spectrum emitters operating within the geographical and technical parameters assigned? (This applies
to DNECs.)
(3) Are frequency assignments being reviewed, and do they meet suspense dates set by the respective AFC? (This
applies to DNECs.)
(4) Is there policy or a process in place to resolve scheduling conflicts due to mission overlaps between or among
units vying for spectrum access within the same operating area? (Refer to chapter 2 (section 2–4), chapter 4, and
chapter 5. This applies to ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and subordinate commands.)
(5) Have all emitters within the commander’s AOR received spectrum certification, and are they authorized for
use? (This applies to DNECs.)
(6) Are procedures established to obtain frequency and call sign assignments from the supporting AFC? (This
applies to DNECs.)
(7) Has the installation spectrum manager received formal training and equipped with the appropriate tools? (This
applies to DNECs.)
(8) Are frequency assignments records registered in the Government Master File database up-to-date? (This applies
to DNECs.)
(9) Does the spectrum manager have a point of contact listing for activities on the installation using S –D equip-
ment? (This applies to DNECs.)
d. Use of specific Spectrum-dependent systems and access to non-Government frequency bands. See also chapter
5.
(1) Are non-Government frequency bands being used? (This applies to all.)
(2) Does the user, installation, or organization have FCC agreements for the Federal systems to use frequencies
allotted to non-Government operations? (This applies to all.)
(3) Is the assignment essential for communications with non-Government entities, and is it true that the needs
cannot be met through use of regularly designated Government bands? (This applies to all.)
(4) Have the local FCC licensee and the requesting agency concluded a mutually approved arrangement, with the
licensee providing written authorization for the Army unit to operate on the particular frequency? (This applies to all.)
(5) Are copies of all agreements referred to above on file with the supporting AFC? (This applies to all.)
(6) Are there FCC-licensed stations, amateur radio, taxi companies, and other radio operators operating on an Army
installation? (This applies to all.)
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 35
(7) Are the FCC-licensed stations operating under written agreements, approved by the installation commander,
and coordinated with the installation DNEC spectrum manager or in the case of a CTC, also with the G –6 prior to
operating such equipment on the installation?
(8) Are S–D COTS devices in use? (This applies to all.)
(9) Are S–D COTS devices pre-approved by the installation organization spectrum manager prior to purchase?
(This applies to all.)
(10) Are GMRS devices (personal two-way voice communications service) in use on military installations? Uses
of these systems, which operate in the 460–470 MHz exclusive civil frequency band, are forbidden. (This applies to
all.)
(11) Are FRS radios in use? (This applies to all.)
(12) Has use of FRS radios been approved by the host nation? (This applies to all.)
(13) Are Army organizations using amateur frequencies for its operations? (This applies to all.)
(14) Are SMR services in use? (This applies to all.)
(15) Are SMR systems used as a leased or end-user service? (This applies to all.)
(16) Is the use of SMR services approved by the NTIA? (This applies to all.)
(17) Is there an LMR system in use? (This applies to all.)
(18) Has access to the system been opened to other Federal agencies? (This applies to all.)
(19) Are unmanned ground vehicles in use? (This applies to all.)
(20) Are there procedures in place to ensure that the procurement of all S –D equipment must be coordinated and
approved by the DNEC or installation spectrum manager? (Refer to para 5–3. This applies to all.)
e. What are the consequences and risks of noncompliance? See chapter 6.
D–5. Supersession
This evaluation replaces all evaluations and test questions for Army Management of the EMS, previously published
in AR 5–12.
D–6. Comment
Help make this a better tool for evaluation of internal controls. Submit comments to the Chief Information Officer/G–6
(SAIS–NSR), 107 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–0107.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 36
Glossary
Section I
Abbreviations
ACOM
Army command
ACP
Allied Communications Publication
AFC
area frequency coordinator
AFMO US&P
Army Frequency Management Office United States and Possessions
AMC
U.S. Army Materiel Command
AOR
area of responsibility
AR
Army regulation
ARIMS
Army Records Information Management System
ARNG
Army National Guard
ASA (ALT)
Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology)
ASCC
Army service component command
ASMO
Army Spectrum Management Office
ASMP
Army Spectrum Management Program
AZ
Arizona
CBTDEV
combat developer
CCMD
combatant command
C–E
communications-electronics
CEOI
communications-electronics operating instructions
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
CG
Commanding General
CIO/G–6
Chief Information Officer, G–6
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 37
CJCSI
Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff Instruction
CJCSM
Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff Manual
CONUS
continental United States
COTS
commercial off-the-shelf
CREW
counter remote control improvised explosive device electronic warfare
CTC
combat training center
DA
Department of the Army
DA Pam
Department of the Army Pamphlet
DAS
Defense Acquisition System
DCS
Deputy Chief of Staff
DD
Department of Defense (forms)
DISA
Defense Information Systems Agency
DNEC
Director, Network Enterprise Center
DNI
Director of National Intelligence
DOD
Department of Defense
DODI
Department of Defense Instruction
DRU
direct reporting unit
E3
electromagnetic and environmental effects
EA
Electronic Attack
EMC
electromagnetic compatibility
EME
electromagnetic environment
EMI
electromagnetic interference
EW
electronic warfare
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 38
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
FDR
frequency dependent rejection
FORSCOM
U.S. Army Forces Command
FoS
family of systems
FRS
Family Radio Service
GMRS
General Mobile Radio Service
HNSWDO
Host Nation Spectrum Worldwide Database Online
HQDA
Headquarters, Department of the Army
IM
information management
INMARSAT
International Maritime Satellite
IRAC
Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee
ITU
International Telecommunications Union
JBSMO
Joint Base Spectrum Management Office
JCIDS
Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System
Km
kilometer
LMR
Land Mobile Radio
MATDEV
materiel developer
MC4EB
Military Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4) Executive Board (MC4EB)
MHz
megahertz
NTIA
National Telecommunications and Information Agency
PdM
Product manager
PEO
program executive officer
PM
program manager
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 39
RC
Reserve Component
RF
radio frequency
RFA
Radio Frequency Authorization
SATCOM
Satellite Communications
S–D
Spectrum-dependent
SFAF
standard frequency action format
SIPRNET
Secret Internet Protocol Network
SMR
Specialized Mobile Radio
SOS
system of systems
SRA
Ship Radio Authorization
SSRA
Spectrum Supportability Risk Assessment
TEMP
test and evaluation master plan
TRADOC
U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command
USAR
U.S. Army Reserve
USC
United States Code
USNORTHCOM
U.S. Army Northern Command
WSMR
White Sands Missile Range
Section II
Terms
Allocation
An allocation is the designation of frequency bands for use in performing specific functions or services. Allocations
are made to communications services such as fixed, mobile, broadcast, and amateur.
Allotment
An allotment is the designation of specific frequency bands or frequencies within a prescribed allocation. Within the
Federal Government, allotments are made to specific Government agencies.
Area Frequency Coordinator
The AFC serves as the focal point for RF and call sign requests within the US&P that require registration and clearance
at the national level. The AFC coordinates with counterparts of other Military Services and Government agencies
prior to making frequency and call sign assignments.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 40
Assignment
An assignment is the designation of a specific frequency or frequencies for use by a radio station under specified
conditions.
Deconfliction
An integral part of spectrum management, deconfliction is a process of optimizing the usage of the spectrum incorpo-
rating both the requirements of the battlefield spectrum managers and the EW operations.
Department of Defense area frequency coordinator
An office empowered by the MC4EB to provide overall management and use of the spectrum in areas on or near a
National Test Range or other designated complex. The Terms of Reference for the DOD AFCs is contained in ACP
190(D) U.S. SUPP–1, Annex B and in chapter 8.3.26 of the NTIA Manual.
Electromagnetic compatibility
The ability of systems, equipment, and devices that use the EMS to operate in their intended operational environments
without suffering unacceptable degradation or causing unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic radiation
or response. It involves the application of sound EMS management; system, equipment, and device design configura-
tion that ensures interference-free operation; and clear concepts and doctrines that maximize operational effectiveness
(see JCS Pub 1).
Electromagnetic compatibility analysis
An objective investigation into the potential frequency-spectrum-resource requirements of Army Frequency S–D sys-
tems or equipment - EMC analysis should be conducted prior to entering the phases of the DAS as a cost-saving
measure and to determine if a proposed system or equipment is frequency supportable in its proposed environment.
EMC analysis will present the trade-offs regarding use of the EMS in various technical concepts for fulfilling Army
materiel requirements.
Electromagnetic environment
All electromagnetic radiation, manmade and natural, emanating from emitters at the lowest alternating current to the
highest RF in the environment is included.
Electromagnetic environmental effects
The effect of the electromagnetic environment upon the operational capability of military forces, equipment, systems,
and platforms – It encompasses all electromagnetic disciplines, including EMC and electromagnetic interference;
electromagnetic vulnerability; electromagnetic pulse; electronic protection, hazards of electromagnetic radiation to
personnel, ordnance, and volatile materiel; and natural phenomena effects of lightning and precipitation static (see
JCS Pub 1).
Electromagnetic interference
Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance
of electronics or electrical equipment. It can be induced intentionally, as in some forms of EW, or unintentionally, as
a result of spurious emissions and responses, inter-modulation products, or the like (see JCS Pub 1).
Electromagnetic pulse
The electromagnetic radiation from a nuclear explosion caused by Compton-recoil electrons and photo electrons from
photons scattered in the materiel of the nuclear device or in a surrounding medium. The resulting electric and magnetic
fields may be coupled with electrical or electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges. The
electromagnetic pulse may also be caused by nonnuclear means.
Electromagnetic radiation
Radiation made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and propagated with the speed of light. This radiation
includes gamma radiation; x-rays; ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation; and radar and radio waves.
Electromagnetic radiation hazards
Those electromagnetic radiations that are a source of direct danger to the human body or those that could possibly
detonate or ignite explosives, flammable gases or vapors, dust, or easily ignitable particles or fibers.
Electromagnetic spectrum
The range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, from zero to infinity. For convenience, the DOD divides into
26 alphabetically designated bands (see JCS Pub 1).
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 41
Electromagnetic vulnerability
The characteristics of a system that cause it to suffer a definite degradation (incapability to perform the designated
mission) after being subjected to a certain level of effects in an unnatural (manmade), hostile environment. Electro-
magnetic vulnerability measures the system’s incapacity to perform in the presence of hostile EA. Electromagnetic
vulnerability is measured only in its own operational environment (actual or simulated) and under conditions which
take into account: How susceptible the system is, how easily it can be intercepted by hostile intercept and direction-
finding activities, and the nature and extent of the hostile EW threat.
Electronic attack
The division of EW involving the use of electromagnetic energy, directed energy, or anti-radiation weapons to attack
personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability
and is considered a form of fires.
Electronic attack clearance
An approval or authorization to conduct EA (for example, jamming, chaff drops) in a given geographical area under
specified conditions and controls to mitigate harmful interference to other authorized spectrum users. The provisions
of CJCSM 3212.02D apply in the US&P; for non-US&P areas, appropriate CCMD directives apply.
Electronic protection
The division of EW that involves actions taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of
friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability.
Electronic warfare
Military action involving the use of electromagnetic energy to determine, exploit, reduce, or prevent hostile use of the
electromagnetic spectrum, and action which retains friendly use of the electromagnetic spectrum. There are three
divisions of electronic warfare: EA, EP, and electronic warfare support measures.
Enforcement
Enforcement is the process of identifying and eliminating unauthorized use of the electromagnetic spectrum with
potentially punitive measures.
Frequency allocation–to–equipment process
The process is a spectrum requirement and is used to determine that Army S –D equipment operates in frequency
bands according to national and international frequency allocation tables and conforms to all other applicable spectrum
management regulations, directives, standards, and specifications. The process is started as early as possible in the
research, development, production, and procurement cycle. This early start is to efficiently assure future spectrum
assignments and EMC (see chap 3 and app C).
Information resources management
The planning, budgeting, organizing, directing, training, promoting, controlling, and management activities associated
with the burden, collection, creation, maintenance, use, dissemination, and disposition of information regardless of
media. Information resources management includes the management of information and information-related resources
and systems, whether manual or automated, such as records management activities, privacy and security of records,
agency sharing and dissemination of information, and acquisition and use of automatic data processing, telecommu-
nications, and other information technology.
Interference
See electromagnetic interference.
Joint base
For purposes of base defense operations, a Joint base is a locality from which operations of two or more of the Military
Departments are projected or supported and which is manned by significant elements of two or more Military Depart-
ments, or in which significant elements of two or more Military Departments are located.
Occupied bandwidth
The bandwidth within which 99 percent of the total emitted energy is contained. The occupied bandwidth must en-
compass the necessary bandwidth. If not, the transmitter will not emit a signal wide enough to convey all the infor-
mation successfully.
Part 15 radio
A type of radio that meets the low-power specifications of 47 CFR 15 (contains the FCC’s rules and regulations).
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 42
Radio wave propagation
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies.
Spectrum management
The management of how electromagnetic spectrum resources are used. The goal of Army spectrum management is to
support telecommunications, weapons systems, and EW requirements. This goal will be accomplished through the
acquisition of spectrum resources, the efficient use of those resources, and the attainment of EMC.
Spectrum management doctrine
Fundamental principles that guide Army use of the electromagnetic spectrum for operation of Army telecommunica-
tions and command and control systems (including weapons systems), subsystems, and equipment. These principles
are official and require sound military and technical judgment in application. Principles may be based on basic physical
phenomena associated with radio wave propagation and radiation; national or international regulatory constraints on
the use of the frequency spectrum; the need for coordination and cooperation among users of the frequency spectrum;
and EW implications.
Spectrum plan
An organized and documented scheme that identifies the specific spectrum resources required for a military operation
(such as a contingency operation or field training exercise) or to operate a telecommunications system (such as a
Satellite Communications system). Spectrum plans will be engineered to ensure communicability and to reduce
interference among the frequencies in the plan. Spectrum plans will also reduce interference between the frequencies
in the plan and frequencies that are in use, or planned, in the coexistent electromagnetic environment.
Spectrum resources
Allocations, allotments, or assignments of portions of the electromagnetic spectrum that aim to accomplish a specific
function or telecommunications service. In an operational environment, spectrum resources are the specific number
and types of frequency assignments needed to operate items of S–D materiel.
Spectrum support
The potential availability of operating frequencies (frequency assignments) to meet specific type-of-service and oper-
ational requirements.
Spectrum supportability
The assessment as to whether the electromagnetic spectrum necessary to support the operation of an S –D equipment
or system during its expected life cycle is, or will be, available. (That is, from the materiel solution analysis phase
through developmental and operational testing, to actual operation in the electromagnetic environment (see DODI
4650.01).
Spectrum supportability determination
A spectrum supportability determination requires four documents: An equipment spectrum certification (within the
US&P) or an equipment spectrum certification (outside the US&P and in the host nation); an SSRA; an E3 assessment;
and an operational frequency assignment (see DODI 4650.01).
Spectrum supportability risk assessment
The assessment as to whether the electromagnetic spectrum necessary to support the operation of an S–D equipment
or system during its expected life cycle is, or will be, available. (That is, from the materiel solution analysis phase
through developmental and operational testing, to actual operation in the electromagnetic environment.)
Spectrum–dependent equipment
Army telecommunications and command and control systems (including weapon systems), subsystems, or equipment
that either depends on or affects the use of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Telecommunications
Any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writing, images, and sound or information of any nature by
wire, radio, or other electromagnetic or optical systems.
Telecommunications service
A specific function performed by a system, subsystem, or equipment such as fixed, mobile, broadcasting, or mobile
satellite.
AR 5–12 • 8 February 2020 43
Section III
Special Abbreviations and Terms
Eb/No
This is the ratio of the energy per bit (Eb) to the spectral noise density (No).
UNCLASSIFIED PIN 033295–000