AR 5-11 MANAGEMENT OF ARMY MODELING AND SIMULATION

https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN42193-AR_5-11-000-WEB-1.pdf

*This regulation supersedes AR 5–11, dated 30 May 2014.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025
UNCLASSIFIED
Headquarters
Department of the Army
Washington, DC
*Army Regulation 5–11
16 May 2025 Effective 16 June 2025
Management
Management of Army Modeling and Simulation
History. This publication is a major revision. The portions affected by this major revision are listed in the summary of change.
Authorities. This authorities for this regulation are DoDI 5000.97, DoDI 5000.61, and DoDI 5000.70.
Applicability. This regulation applies to the Regular Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and
the U.S. Army Reserve, unless otherwise stated. During mobilization, the proponent may modify chapters and policies contained in
this regulation.
Proponent and exception authority. The proponent of this regulation is the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–8. The proponent has the
authority to approve exceptions or waivers to this regulation that are consistent with controlling law and regulations. The proponent
may delegate this approval authority, in writing, to a division chief within the proponent agency or its direct reporting unit or field
operating agency, in the rank of colonel or the civilian equivalent. Activities may request a waiver to this regulation by providing a
justification that includes a full analysis of the expected benefits and must include a formal review by the activity’s senior legal officer.
All waiver requests will be endorsed by the commander or senior leader of the requesting activity and forwarded through their higher
headquarters to the policy proponent. Refer to AR 25–30 for specific requirements.
Army internal control process. This regulation contains internal control provisions in accordance with AR 11–2 and identifies key
internal controls that must be evaluated (see appendix B).
Suggested improvements. Users are invited to send comments and suggested improvements on DA Form 2028 (Recommended
Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–8 (CSCA–SR), 700 Army Pentagon, Washington,
DC 20310–0700, usarmy.belvoir.hqda-dcs-g-8.mbx.amso-sr-div@army.mil.
Committee management approval. AR 15–39 requires the proponent to justify establishing/continuing committee(s), coordinate
draft publications, and coordinate changes in committee status with the U.S. Army Special Programs Directorate at email usarmy.pen-
tagon.hqda-hsa.mbx.committee-management@army.mil. Further, if it is determined that an established “group” identified within this
regulation later takes on the characteristics of a committee as found in AR 15–39, then the proponent will follow all AR 15–39 require-
ments for establishing and continuing the group as a committee.
Distribution. This regulation is available in electronic media only and is intended for the Regular Army, the Army National Guard/Army
National Guard of the United States, and the U.S. Army Reserve.
Summary of Change
AR 5–11
Management of Army Modeling and Simulation
This major revision, dated 16 May 2025—
• Changes the title from Management of Army Models and Simulations to Management of Army Modeling
and Simulation (cover).
• Establishes and updates roles and responsibilities (para 1–4).
• Updates responsibilities for Army Modeling and Simulation Community Representatives (para 2–1).
• Establishes General Officer Steering Committees (paras 2–3 and 2–4).
• Establishes modeling and simulation repositories, registries, and catalogs (para 3–4).
• Updates policy on Verification, Validation, and Accreditation (chap 4).
• Clarifies configuration management policy (chap 5).
• Establishes the Army Modeling and Simulation Awards Program (chap 8).
• Updates policy for the management of Army Modeling and Simulation (throughout).
• Incorporates Army Directive 2024–02, Enabling Modern Software Development and Acquisition
Practices (throughout).
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 i
Contents (Listed by chapter and page number)
Summary of Change
Chapter 1
Introduction, page 1
Chapter 2
Army Modeling and Simulation Management Framework, page 5
Chapter 3
Policy, page 10
Chapter 4
Verification, Validation, and Accreditation, page 13
Chapter 5
Configuration Management for Models and Simulations, page 16
Chapter 6
Modeling and Simulation Data Management, page 17
Chapter 7
Release of Army Models and Simulations, page 17
Chapter 8
Army Modeling and Simulation Awards Program, page 24
Appendixes
A. References, page 25
B. Internal Control Evaluation, page 27
Glossary of Terms
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 1
Chapter 1
Introduction
Section I
Overview
1–1. Purpose
This regulation prescribes policy and procedures and assigns responsibilities for the management of
Army Modeling and Simulation (M&S). This regulation describes the Army M&S management framework,
governance, and M&S enterprise.
1–2. References, forms, and explanation of abbreviations
See appendix A. The abbreviations, brevity codes, and acronyms (ABCAs) used in this electronic publica-
tion are defined when you hover over them. All ABCAs are listed in the ABCA directory located at
https://armypubs.army.mil/.
1–3. Associated publications
Procedures associated with this regulation are found in DA Pam 5–11.
1–4. Responsibilities
See section II of this chapter.
1–5. Records management (recordkeeping) requirements
The records management requirement for all record numbers, associated forms, and reports required by
this publication are addressed in the Records Retention Schedule–Army (RRS–A). Detailed information
for all related record numbers, forms, and reports are located in Army Records Information Management
System (ARIMS)/RRS–A at https://www.arims.army.mil. If any record numbers, forms, and reports are not
current, addressed, and/or published correctly in ARIMS/RRS–A, see DA Pam 25–403 for guidance.
Section II
Roles and Responsibilities
1–6. Headquarters Department of the Army principal officials
The HQDA principal officials will—
a. Serve as stewards of M&S programs or activities and M&S resources within the organization or
agency area of responsibility.
b. Promote M&S interoperability and reuse with the goal of ensuring the efficient and effective use of
Army models and simulations.
c. Designate representatives, as necessary, to represent organization or agency interests at the 1–2-
star M&S General Officer Steering Committee (GOSC), M&S COC, and other M&S forums.
d. Reuse M&S assets to the greatest practical extent, commensurate with execution of mission and
tasks.
1–7. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology)
The ASA (ALT) will—
a. Designate a permanent 3-star general officer (GO) or equivalent senior executive service (SES) rep-
resentative as a permanent member of the M&S 3-star GOSC.
b. Designate a 1–2 star GO or equivalent SES representative from the acquisition community for the
1–2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate an O6/GS-15 representative to represent the acquisition community for the Modeling and
Simulation Council of Colonels (M&S COCs), and other M&S forums.
d. Provide guidance to program executive officers (PEOs) and program managers (PMs) to plan at the
execution level for the integrated use of M&S throughout the acquisition lifecycle of their programs.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 2
e. Designate an Army acquisition M&S community representative for the standard application of M&S
across the acquisition community and to facilitate the rapid integration of M&S to support agile and itera-
tive development.
1–8. Chief Information Officer
The CIO will—
a. Designate a 3-star GO/SES representative as necessary for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate, as necessary, representatives from the information technology and Army Enterprise Ar-
chitecture functional areas (FAs) for the 1–2 star M&S GOSC, M&S COC, and other forums.
c. Develop policies and procedures to ensure models and simulations synchronize in the Army’s infor-
mation technology enterprise architecture.
d. Identify enterprise information environment mission area requirements for M&S based analysis to
support decision making on network capability investments.
e. Accredit models, simulations, stimulators, and emulators used by the Central Technical Support Fa-
cility to support Army interoperability certification test execution or the Army interoperability certification
determination process.
1–9. The Deputy Chief of Staff, G–2
The DCS, G–2 will—
a. Designate a permanent 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate a permanent 1–2 star GO/SES representative from the intelligence community for the 1–
2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate an O6/GS-15 representative to represent the intelligence community at the M&S COC
and other M&S forums.
1–10. The Deputy Chief of Staff, G–3/5/7
The DCS, G–3/5/7 will—
a. Designate a permanent 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate a permanent 1–2 star GO/SES representative from the training community enabled by
M&S for the 1–2 star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate an O6/GS-15 representative to represent the training community at the M&S COC and
other forums.
1–11. The Deputy Chief of Staff, G–4
The DCS, G–4 will—
a. Designate a permanent 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate a 1–2 star GO/SES representative necessary for the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate representatives to represent organizational interests at the M&S COC and other forums.
1–12. The Deputy Chief of Staff, G–6
The DCS, G–6 will—
a. Designate a permanent 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate a 1–2 star GO/SES representative necessary for the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate representatives to represent organizational interests at the M&S COC and other forums.
1–13. Deputy Chief of Staff, G–8
The DCS, G–8 will—
a. Serve as the Department of the Army M&S proponent that will—
(1) Provide strategy, policy recommendations, and guidance for the management of Army M&S.
(2) Establish M&S management processes for M&S governance that facilitate coordination of M&S ac-
tivities across the Army.
(3) Establish enterprise processes for coordination and integration of M&S standards, architectures,
networks, and environments.
(4) Establish enterprise processes for coordination and integration of common M&S tools and common
M&S data.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 3
(5) Establish enterprise processes to enable and ensure interoperability and continuous integration
and continuous delivery of models and simulations.
(6) Establish mechanisms to facilitate Army M&S coordination with the appropriate Department of De-
fense (DoD), Joint Staff and Joint agencies, combatant commands, other Services, international agen-
cies, academia, and private organizations.
(7) Designate the Army M&S communities.
(8) Serve as, or designate, the chairperson of the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Promote the use of Army M&S capabilities into program development.
c. Designate the Director, Center for Army Analysis (CAA) to act on behalf of the DCS, G–8, when re-
quired, in the execution of M&S proponent responsibilities prescribed in this regulation. Specifically, the
Director, CAA will—
(1) Coordinate and collaborate across Army communities and FA enabled by M&S.
(2) When designated, execute specified M&S management responsibilities.
(3) Chair the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
(4) Designate a 1–2 star GO/SES representative from the analysis community enabled by M&S for the
1–2-star M&S GOSC.
(5) Designate the M&S COC chairperson.
(6) Serve as the M&S executive for FA 57 and M&S professional training and education.
(7) Develop guidance for Army verification, validation, and accreditation (VV&A) practices for models,
simulations, and accreditation of associated data.
(8) Develop guidance supporting opportunities for M&S cross-community efficiencies.
(9) Establish an Army M&S Standards Program informed by and coordinated with the Army Infor-
mation Technology Standards Program and ensure compatibility of Army M&S standards with appropriate
industry standards organizations.
d. Serve as the final release authority for Army M&S by approving or denying requests for release of
Army models and simulations to foreign governments or international organizations.
e. Coordinate with DCS, G–2 for release of Army-owned M&S assets of foreign threat systems.
f. Establish an Army information resource repository, registry, or catalog of Army M&S assets.
g. Designate the Military Director, Army Modeling and Simulation Office (AMSO) as the execution of-
fice to support the Army M&S regulatory proponent with the implementation of M&S regulatory proponent
responsibilities.
h. Represent the Army at the DoD M&S Steering Committee.
1–14. The Deputy Chief of Staff, G–9
The DCS, G–9 will—
a. Designate a permanent 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate a 1–2 star GO/SES representative as necessary for the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate representatives to represent organizational interests at the M&S COC and other forums.
1–15. Chief of Engineers
The COE will—
a. Integrate Army M&S geospatial standards into the Army Geospatial Enterprise (AGE) implementa-
tion plans, roadmaps, and timelines.
b. Provide, through the Army Geospatial Center, geospatial data, and information (map, imagery, ele-
vation, and feature data) to Army M&S developers.
c. Designate representatives as necessary for geospatial issues at the M&S GOSCs, M&S COC, and
other M&S forums.
1–16. The Surgeon General
TSG will—
a. Designate as necessary a 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate as necessary a 1–2 star GO/SES representative for the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate representatives to represent organizational interests at the M&S COC and other forums.
1–17. Provost Marshall General
The PMG will—
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 4
a. Designate as necessary 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate as necessary 1–2 star GO/SES representative for the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate representatives to represent organizational interests at the M&S COC and other forums.
1–18. Commanders of Army commands, Army service component commands, and direct
reporting units
The ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs commanders will—
a. Articulate priority M&S requirements and capability needs via the existing Army Capability Integra-
tion and Development System process and inform the Military Director, AMSO.
b. Designate representatives, as necessary, to present organization or agency interests at the M&S
GOSCs, M&S COC, and other M&S forums.
c. Reuse M&S assets to the greatest practical extent commensurate with execution of mission and
tasks.
1–19. Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command
The CG, TRADOC will—
a. Designate as necessary 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate as necessary 1–2 star GO/SES representative for the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate a representative to represent organizational interests at the M&S COC and other forums.
d. Emphasize the reuse of organizational M&S assets to the greatest practical extent commensurate
with execution of mission and tasks.
e. Designate the TRADOC, G–2 to develop, verify, validate, accredit, and provide opposing force and
operational environment contextual baselines for M&S concept and doctrine development, and capabili-
ties development, integration, and evaluation.
1–20. Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command
The CG, AMC will—
a. Designate as necessary 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate as necessary 1–2 star GO/SES representative for the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate a representative for organizational interests at the M&S COC and other forums.
d. Emphasize the reuse of organizational M&S assets to the greatest practical extent commensurate
with execution of mission and tasks.
1–21. Commanding General, U.S. Army Futures Command
The CG, AFC will—
a. Designate as necessary 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate a permanent 1–2 star GO/SES representative from the experimentation community for
the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Support the Analysis and Acquisition communities.
d. Designate representatives from the experimentation community to represent organizational interests
at the M&S COC and other M&S forums.
e. Emphasize the reuse of organizational M&S assets to the greatest practical extent commensurate
with execution of mission and tasks.
1–22. Commanding General, U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command
The CG, ATEC will—
a. Designate a permanent 1–2 star GO/SES representative for the test and evaluation community for
the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
b. Designate representatives from within the test and evaluation community to attend the Army M&S
COC and other forums.
c. Emphasize the reuse of organizational M&S assets to the greatest practical extent commensurate
with execution of mission and tasks.
1–23. Commanding General, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command
The CG, USASMDC will—
a. Designate as necessary 3-star GO/SES representative for the 3-star M&S GOSC.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 5
b. Designate as necessary 1–2 star GO/SES representative for the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
c. Designate representatives to represent organizational interests at the M&S COC and other forums.
d. Emphasize the reuse of organizational M&S assets to the greatest practical extent commensurate
with execution of mission and tasks.
Chapter 2
Army Modeling and Simulation Management Framework
Section I
Overview
2–1. Army modeling and simulation proponent and community representatives
a. The three components of the Army M&S management framework are governance, guidance, and
execution. This framework promotes enterprise information exchange, integration, coordination, synchro-
nization, and collaboration on Army M&S capabilities and requirements.
(1) The governance component formulates and disseminates policy for M&S enterprise efforts that
guide the decentralized execution of Army M&S programs and activities by leaders, managers, develop-
ers, and users of M&S tools, data, and services.
(2) The guidance component provides the Army with focus on broadly applicable M&S priorities and
principles such as Army M&S vision, strategy, policy, management processes, standards, architectures,
environments, interoperability, common tools and data, and M&S workforce training and education. The
guidance component serves to influence the decentralized execution of M&S programs and activities
across the Army.
(3) The execution component addresses executing Army M&S programs and activities across the
Army in a decentralized manner. Army commanders, leaders, and managers use the existing Army pro-
cesses and procedures for programming, budgeting, and articulating M&S requirements.
b. The DCS, G–8, is responsible for formulating and implementing effective Army M&S policies, man-
agement processes, and controls. The Director, CAA, has delegated authority to coordinate functions and
responsibilities pertaining to Army M&S management to the Military Director, AMSO.
c. The Army M&S proponent may designate new communities or discontinue existing communities.
Requests for designation or discontinuance of an Army M&S community are introduced through the M&S
COC for consideration by the Army M&S proponent.
d. Army community representatives coordinate M&S activities within a designated community. An
Army M&S community representative is a 1–2 star GO/SES representative of an Army FA with the re-
sponsibility to coordinate the enabling M&S activities within the community. An Army M&S community
representative may come from the HQDA Secretariat or General Staff, an ACOM, an ASCC, or DRU. A 3-
star GO/SES Army Staff (ARSTAF) principal, commander, or agency head will designate 1–2-star com-
munity representatives. Community representatives will—
(1) Coordinate M&S activities within their specified Army community.
(2) Serve as a central point of contact and represent all participating M&S activities within the desig-
nated Army community.
(3) Identify priorities, needs, and requirements within communities for both users and customers.
(4) Coordinate and share information across the community related to capability development, fielding,
and sustainment for community requirements.
(5) Inform the Army M&S governance forums of their community-specific M&S initiatives, planned ac-
tivities including support to operational exercises, wargames, technical development and international co-
operative engagements, and other issues related to M&S.
(6) Attend as required the 3-star M&S GOSC.
(7) Serve as permanent members of the M&S 1– 2 star GOSCs.
(8) Leverage and share strategies and tools with other communities.
(9) Designate a representative (Colonel/O–6 or civilian equivalent) to serve on the M&S COC as a
member.
(10) Designate as necessary any other officials within the respective Army community to assist with
monitoring and coordination of M&S activities within that Army community.
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2–2. The Army communities enabled by modeling and simulation
a. The Army communities enabled by M&S are groupings of Army activities with common functions or
related interests. This characterization of Army functions provides opportunities for the coordination, inte-
gration, and synchronization of related Army M&S activities which enables sharing and reusing M&S,
knowledge, and resources. M&S communities are designated along functional lines, not organizational
lines. The function of the organization determines participation within the Army M&S community, not com-
mand structure alignment.
b. The M&S regulatory proponent, DCS, G-8, designates M&S communities. The number of communi-
ties is not fixed and can increase or decrease, based on the need for enterprise oversight of M&S pro-
grams or activities within a given FA.
c. The current Army M&S communities are the following:
(1) Acquisition.
(2) Analysis.
(3) Experimentation.
(4) Intelligence.
(5) Test and Evaluation.
(6) Training.
Section II
Governance
2–3. Army Modeling and Simulation 3-Star General Officer Steering Committee
a. The 3-star M&S GOSC is the principal GO forum guiding governance and integration of the Army
M&S enterprise and M&S capabilities. The 3-star M&S GOSC will—
(1) Prioritize and research Army M&S enterprise topics that impact multiple communities and have po-
tential to increase M&S efficiency and effectiveness.
(2) Implement command recommendations that address the M&S modernization needs of Army com-
manders and ARSTAF principals.
(3) Advocate for Army M&S enterprise modernization of tools, processes, and policy.
(4) Inform and influence Army investments and spending in models and simulations.
(5) Validate Army M&S science and technology investment vision and priorities.
(6) Promote visibility and accessibility of Army models and simulations within and across the Army and
DoD Components.
(7) Validate and provide guidance on enterprise shortcomings and resourcing priorities.
(8) Direct organization(s) to assist resourcing M&S needs in tools, policies, and processes.
(9) Influence Army policy changes.
(10) Inform senior Army leaders of M&S GOSC cycle outcomes.
(11) Advise the ASA (ALT) and the DCS, G-8 on M&S policy, procedures, and governance. Consider,
in making recommendations, policy implications, impacts if not adopted, general resource requirements,
and general priority in relationship to other Army priorities and modernization initiatives. The 3-star M&S
GOSC uses an enterprise decision and resource planning process to review, prioritize, and endorse ef-
forts or solutions with the assistance of subordinate committees.
b. The 3-star M&S GOSC chartered term will end upon completion of its advisory and integration func-
tions, three years from the initiation of the charter, or until the next revision of this regulation, whichever is
sooner, unless extended by the Secretary of the Army or designee.
c. Direction and control.
(1) The 3-star M&S GOSC receives direction from the DCS, G–8 and may provide self-generated di-
rection.
(2) The DCS, G–8, or designee, chairs the 3-star M&S GOSC.
(3) The 3-star M&S GOSC meets annually or more often as required by the chairperson.
d. The 3-star M&S GOSC chairperson may invite principal members in the rank of 3-star GO (or civil-
ian equivalent) from the ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and ARSTAF to participate. These invitees typically
participate in other Army M&S committees that inform development and decisions regarding M&S Army
policy, guidance, priorities, capabilities, and fiscal requirements. The 3-star M&S GOSC prioritizes and
recommends solutions for critical issues affecting Army M&S. Permanent membership of the 3-star M&S
GOSC includes the following:
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 7
(1) ASA (ALT).
(2) DCS, G–2.
(3) DCS, G–3/5/7.
(4) DCS, G–4.
(5) DCS, G–6.
(6) DCS, G–9.
e. The 3-star M&S GOSC chairperson may invite additional representatives from M&S and non-M&S
Army communities, ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and Army agencies, as appropriate, to ensure Army M&S
interests are functionally represented at the 3-star M&S GOSC. The typical invitees are representatives of
the following:
(1) CG, U.S. Army Materiel Command.
(2) CG, Combined Arms Center.
(3) CG, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command.
(4) CG, Army Test and Evaluation Command.
(5) CG, Army Futures Command.
(6) Program Executive Office, Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation (PEO STRI).
(7) CIO.
(8) TSG.
(9) PMG.
(10) M&S Community Representatives.
f. The 3-star M&S GOSC establishes the 1–2-star GOSC subcommittee (see para. 2–5 of this regula-
tion) as required to inform appropriate committees, commanders, or principal officials as directed.
2–4. Army Modeling and Simulation 1–2-star General Officer Steering Committee
a. The 1–2-star M&S GOSC is the principal GO forum responsible for shaping the governance and in-
tegration of the Army M&S enterprise and its capabilities. The 1–2-star M&S GOSC will—
(1) Focus on Army M&S enterprise priorities and topics across multiple communities and have poten-
tial to increase efficiency and effectiveness.
(2) Inform and provide recommendations to the Army M&S regulatory proponent, commanders, or
HQDA staff principal, or if necessary, the 3-star M&S GOSC to address Army enterprise priorities.
(3) Shape solutions to meet Army M&S enterprise priorities, establish governance processes for stand-
ards, architectures, environments, common tools, data, and interoperability supporting Army moderniza-
tion. Methods may include but are not limited to validation and recommendation of priorities, assignment
of offices of primary responsibility, and progress reports for on-going efforts.
(4) Recommend formal decisions or actions for implementation to appropriate committees, command-
ers, or principal officials. Recommendations from the 1–2-star M&S GOSC will follow the formal HQDA
staff action control processes for decision or action by the responsible commander or HQDA staff princi-
pal.
(5) Establish Army M&S science and technology investment vision and priorities.
b. The 1–2-star M&S GOSC chartered term will end upon completion of its advisory and integration
functions, three years after the initiation of the charter, or until the next revision of this regulation, which-
ever is sooner, unless extended by the Secretary of the Army or designee.
c. Direction and control.
(1) The 1–2-star M&S GOSC receives direction from the DCS, G–8 and may provide self-generated
direction.
(2) Director, CAA is the Chairperson.
(3) The standing voting members of the 1–2-star M&S GOSC are the M&S community representatives.
(4) The 1–2-star M&S GOSC will meet bi-annually or as required by the chairperson. Time between
meetings will not exceed 12 months.
d. The chairperson of the 1–2-star M&S GOSC may invite representatives in the rank of 1–2 star GO
(or civilian equivalent) from the designated Army M&S communities and representatives from ACOMs,
ASCCs, DRUs, and Army agencies, as appropriate, to ensure Army M&S interests are broadly repre-
sented.
e. The chairperson of the 1–2-star M&S GOSC may invite principal members in the rank of 1–2 star
GO (or civilian equivalent) from the Army M&S communities, ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and Army agencies
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 8
who inform the development and decisions regarding Army M&S policy, guidance, priorities, capabilities,
and fiscal requirements. Permanent membership includes representatives from the following offices:
(1) CAA (CAA Technical Director, representing the Analysis Community).
(2) ASA (ALT) (represents the Acquisition Community).
(3) CIO.
(4) DCS, G–2 (represents the Intelligence Community).
(5) DCS, G–3/5/7 (represents the Training Community).
(6) DCS, G–4 (includes Logistics Innovation Agency).
(7) DCS, G–6.
(8) DCS, G–9.
(9) U.S. Army Forces Command.
(10) U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command.
(11) AMC.
(12) AFC (represents the Experimentation Community).
(13) U.S. Army Reserve.
(14) Army National Guard.
(15) TSG.
(16) PMG.
(17) ATEC (represents the Test and Evaluation Community).
(18) USASMDC.
(19) U.S. Army Nuclear and Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction Agency.
f. The chairperson may invite participants from other commands and agencies. This participation may
include but is not limited to the following:
(1) The Office of the Chief Legislative Liaison.
(2) The Office of the Chief of Chaplains.
(3) Office of the Judge Advocate General.
(4) Network Enterprise Technology Command.
(5) Medical Command.
(6) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
(7) Military District of Washington.
(8) U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command.
(9) Army Research Institute.
(10) Human Resources Command.
(11) U.S. Army Recruiting Command.
(12) U.S. Army Cyber Command.
(13) U.S. Army Installation Management Command.
(14) Army Civilian Career Management Activity (ACCMA)/Science, Engineering & Analysis Career
Field.
(15) PEO STRI.
g. The M&S COC is a subcommittee of the 1–2-star M&S GOSC. The 1–2-star M&S GOSC may es-
tablish other subcommittees as required. The M&S COC supports and informs the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
2–5. Army Modeling and Simulation Council of Colonels
a. The M&S COC is a subcommittee to the 1–2-star M&S GOSC. It serves as an advisory forum to the
M&S GOSCs and Army M&S regulatory proponent. It is the initial body for introducing concerns and gov-
ernance challenges in the M&S governance process. The M&S COC’s validates proposals and recom-
mends elevation of issues to the 1–2-star M&S GOSC.
b. The Director, CAA appoints the M&S COC chair. The M&S COC membership is aligned with mem-
bership of the 1–2-star M&S GOSC. Army M&S community representatives designate respective M&S
COC membership. Attendees may include interested representatives from the ARSTAF, ACOMs, ASCCs,
DRUs, other Army agencies, and Joint Staff, or any other Army M&S organization with equities. The M&S
COC is a Colonel/GS–15-level subcommittee that makes recommendations to the M&S GOSCs.
c. The M&S COC meets quarterly or as required to support the M&S GOSCs and Army M&S propo-
nent. However, time between meetings will not exceed 12 months.
d. The M&S COC may establish Army M&S working groups as needed. Army M&S working groups are
functionally focused and comprised from subject matter experts (SMEs) who participate with the approval
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 9
of their organization to address specific issues identified at the periodic assessment, the forum, the COC,
and the M&S GOSCs. Working groups are established or retired as required and approved in accordance
with the M&S governance Structure.
e. The M&S COC monitors and received progress up-dates regarding enterprise capabilities.
f. Bi-annually each organization with M&S investments will review and provide the M&S COC a status
up-date on their M&S equities within the Army M&S Catalog.
2–6. Army Modeling and Simulation Office
a. AMSO is the Army’s focal office for facilitating cross-Army M&S information flow, integration, coordi-
nation, synchronization, and monitoring of Army M&S activities. The AMSO functions as the execution
office supporting the Army M&S proponents with the execution of the M&S proponent responsibilities, in-
cluding those that are directive in nature.
b. AMSO also serves as the Army organization for coordinating and communicating with the Office of
the Secretary of Defense, Joint community, international organizations, and academia on M&S issues.
c. The Military Director, AMSO provides support to the DCS, G–8 for program integration of Army M&S
capabilities and initiatives.
d. The Military Director, AMSO periodically assesses the Army M&S enterprise. These Periodic Enter-
prise Assessments review Army M&S requirements, capabilities, needs, and interoperability shortfalls
ranging from those impacting Armywide activities to more specific requirements, needs, or shortfalls in
individual models or simulations representing objects, artifacts, or systems accurately in the appropriate
environment or state.
e. Military Director, AMSO submits a request to the Director of the DCS, G–8 Program Analysis and
Evaluation Directorate for information on Army M&S investments. This data call is the Annual M&S Portfo-
lio Assessment and provides insight into the size and value of Army M&Ss. The Military Director, AMSO
may expand the list of respondents or qualifying investments via the governance process.
f. Military Director, AMSO provides oversight of M&S standards adopted for Army use through intra-
service engagements utilizing SMEs to assess M&S standards. A representative from the AMSO serves
as the Army voting member for M&S related matters on DoD and Army standards boards, committees,
and councils. Military Director, AMSO assesses M&S standards for implementation and use within the
Army.
g. Military Director, AMSO coordinates with commanders, organization, and community leads, and the
Joint Staff to ensure model improvement requirements address current or future Army M&S needs. When
directed by the DCS, G–8, Military Director, AMSO participates in the requirements development process.
The Military Director, AMSO also assesses the interoperability shortfalls between models and simulations
and the systems used to support the Army’s priorities and objectives.
h. Military Director, AMSO provides administrative support for the M&S GOSCs and the M&S COC.
i. Military Director, AMSO conducts M&S professional workforce development for FA57 and provides
functional advice to the M&S Army analysis community.
j. Military Director, AMSO represents the Army M&S standards interests and equities in organizations
and activities external to the Army and related to the development, oversight, and management of Army
enterprise M&S Standards.
k. Military Director, AMSO manages the annual M&S Award Program.
l. Military Director, AMSO initiates the annual collection of information on Army M&S investments.
Section III
Guidance and Execution
2–7. Guidance
a. The DCS, G–8 and subordinate leaders employ an enterprise approach to the management of M&S
capabilities encompassing all communities. The intent of the enterprise approach is to identify and miti-
gate enterprise level capability gaps, needs, minimizing redundancy, and promoting reuse.
b. Army M&S enterprise guiding priorities and principles impact multiple communities. Enterprise man-
agement of these areas significantly increases M&S efficiency and effectiveness.
c. Army M&S guiding priorities and principles include, but are not limited to the following:
(1) Army M&S policies that leverage and synchronize M&S capabilities across the Army.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 10
(2) Management processes for models, simulations, and data that enable discoverability, accessibility,
and reuse.
(3) M&S standards, architectures, networks, and environments that promote the sharing of M&S tools,
data, and information across the Army and support interoperability among M&S capabilities and opera-
tional capabilities.
(4) Common M&S tools and data providing timely and credible results enhance effective decision mak-
ing and training. Common training capabilities fall under the live virtual constructive and gaming paradigm
and include Low Overhead Driver capabilities.
(5) An Army M&S workforce that is trained, educated, and able to meet the Army’s operational and in-
stitutional needs.
2–8. Execution
a. Army enterprise level prioritization and resourcing of Army M&S requirements are the purview of the
appropriate HQDA program evaluation group. At the execution level, prioritization, and allocation of re-
sources are tasks for the appropriate commander, PM, or agency leader.
b. The centralized management of Army M&S policy enhances its formulation and implementation. The
decentralized environment for execution of M&S programming and activities allows for the greatest mis-
sion accomplishment.
c. The decentralized execution by commanders, leaders, managers, developers, and users of M&S is
primarily guided by Army and organizational priorities. The Army M&S vision, strategy, and implementa-
tion plans inform the execution of M&S programs or activities in the Army.
d. The Army M&S Forum is an annual conference designed to bring Army M&S SMEs together across
the Army FAs enabled by M&S for SME deliberation and consensus.
e. Although Army M&S programs or activities are executed and implemented at command and organi-
zational level, the effective and efficient development and use of M&S requires coordination and collabo-
ration across the Army.
f. Products supporting the M&S enterprise include but are not limited to:
(1) An annual M&S portfolio assessment or investment data call to identify and document new M&S
tools and investments, including the updating of resource estimates and plans for prioritized efforts.
(2) A bi-annual Army M&S Catalog review to ensure relevancy and accuracy of data conducted by
each organization with M&S equities.
(3) A periodic Army M&S enterprise capability assessment used to identify Army M&S enterprise gaps.
Chapter 3
Policy
3–1. General
a. Army M&S policy implements DoDI 5000.70.
b. Army policies for the development and use of models and simulations will implement, clarify, and/or
supplement other DoD policies to meet Army requirements.
3–2. Standards
a. Military Director, AMSO coordinates the M&S vision, strategy, and policy and distributes it to the
Army on behalf of the Army M&S regulatory proponent. This includes oversight of M&S standards for the
Army enterprise, but not the development of M&S standards. Military Director, AMSO provides recom-
mendations on the endorsement and adoption of M&S standards developed by recognized Standards De-
velopment Organizations (SDO).
b. The Military Director, AMSO ensures the effective use of standards as enablers for tools, data, and
services, directly supporting interoperability and reuse of M&S assets.
c. The standardization of common M&S tools, data, and services is paramount. Army M&S standards
facilitate the cost-effective use, reuse, sharing, credibility, and interoperability of models, simulations, and
their associated data.
d. M&S standards include common government and commercial M&S methods, procedures, tech-
niques, algorithms, representations, and best practices.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 11
e. Agencies developing models and simulations requiring geospatial products will design the models
and simulations to use standard products and formats that are compliant with the AGE.
f. Army M&S standards activities require Army personnel to participate in DoD, Joint, North Atlantic
Treaty Organization, international, and civilian standards bodies, and organizations.
g. The DoD Information Technology Standards Registry (DISR) contains emerging and mandated
standards for reference and use by Army M&S developers.
h. Recognized SDOs include:
(1) International Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO).
(2) International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
(3) American National Standards Institute.
(4) M&S Standards Subgroup (MS3) under the NATO M&S Group.
(5) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
3–3. Reuse
a. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and other Army organizations using M&S reuse data,
models, and simulations to the greatest extent practical.
b. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and other Army organizations using M&S promote the
use, and reuse of government off-the-shelf (GOTS) and non-proprietary M&S assets.
c. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and other Army organizations will develop new govern-
ment-owned assets or use proprietary M&S assets only when tasked to do so or when mission require-
ments dictate.
d. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and other Army organizations using M&S will utilize the
Army M&S Catalog as the primary unclassified information source to discover metadata on existing Army
models, simulations, associated data, and other artifacts including VV&A documentation.
e. Army M&S developers coordinate with the appropriate Army Data Steward to ensure data definitions
(for example, schema, taxonomies, and tagging) allow the maximum sharing of information between com-
munities, commands, and organizations.
f. See DoDI 8510.01 for risk management policies regarding Army models and simulations that are a
part of or interface with a DoD-owned or DoD-controlled information system.
3–4. Modeling and simulation repositories, registries, and catalogs
a. Military Director, AMSO manages and maintains the Army M&S Catalog. The Army M&S Catalog
promotes visibility, interoperability, reuse, and commonality through information sharing and discoverabil-
ity.
b. The information in the Army M&S Catalog is accessible to Army M&S users, developers, PMs, and
other authorized registered users. The Army M&S Catalog contains descriptive metadata about Army
M&S assets and contact information for the Army M&S asset owner. The Army M&S Catalog does not
contain executable M&S code. The information in the Army M&S Catalog is shareable with other DoD
M&S capabilities promoting reuse.
(1) M&S assets in the Catalog include descriptions and metadata of models, simulations, datasets, da-
tabases, algorithms, M&S tools, reports, and documents.
(2) Commands or organizations that have internal M&S metadata repositories will inform the Military
Director, AMSO of the Catalog’s existence and will work with AMSO to make the identifying information
about the Catalog discoverable.
(3) Users will add and update information about M&S within the Catalog using the online interface.
c. M&S developers and owners of models, simulations, and other assets (for example, data and docu-
ment files) are responsible for inputting and updating descriptive metadata information about their mod-
els, simulations, and assets into the Army M&S Catalog. Exempted from this policy are those models and
simulations that are classified or developed for one-time application or a limited scope of application with
no reasonable expectation of reusability by other M&S developers or users.
(1) Owners of registered products in the Army M&S Catalog maintain current metadata on their mod-
els, simulations, or other M&S assets. Registered product owners are responsible for verifying the cur-
rency of their assets annually or as needed.
(2) The quarterly M&S Council of Colonels (COC) agenda includes a scheduled review of all assets
within the Army M&S Catalog. The M&S COC reviews the currency and completeness of assets at least
once every two years.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 12
(3) All resources in the Army M&S Catalog are subject to the specific releasability policies of the
providing organization.
(4) Military Director, AMSO conducts periodic audits of all Army M&S assets in the Catalog. The pur-
pose of the periodic audit is to monitor the currency status of the metadata and information. AMSO main-
tains procedures for the periodic currency reviews.
d. The Army M&S Catalog meets controlled unclassified information standards and contains unclassi-
fied information about Army M&S assets. Developers and owners of classified Army M&S assets will
maintain the classified M&S asset and metadata in accordance with Army and local information assur-
ance policies.
e. The information fields in any Army repository, registry, or catalog will conform to the DoD Discovery
Metadata Specification (DDMS) and M&S discovery metadata must be discoverable, searchable, and re-
trievable using the DoD M&S discovery metadata search capability and federated DoD discovery
metadata search capability. The DDMS supports the DoD Net-Centric Data Strategy goal of visibility. It
provides a baseline for metadata structure that supports visibility, interoperability, and reuse of Army mod-
els, simulations, and M&S assets. The DDMS can be located online at the Office of the Director of Na-
tional Intelligence, CIO–Intelligence Community Technical Specifications DoD Discovery Metadata web-
site.
f. Visibility and accessibility will be facilitated by creating and associating discovery metadata con-
sistent with DoDI 8320.02 to key M&S assets.
g. When intellectual property considerations and restrictions apply to M&S assets, all restrictions on
use and reuse will be clearly noted in discovery metadata.
h. That the DoD M&S discovery metadata search capability will be used in assessing existing M&S as-
sets for reuse.
3–5. Modeling and simulation lifecycle management
a. Lifecycle management guidance for the integrated use of M&S throughout the acquisition lifecycle of
programs is found in AR 70–1, DoDD 5000.01, and DoDI 5000.02.
b. Lifecycle management guidance for models and simulations developed for use in test and evalua-
tion is found in AR 73–1 and AR 70–1, DoDI 5000.61, and DoDI 5000.89.
c. Acquisition PMs will update and maintain digital model(s) throughout the system life cycle and main-
tain configuration management (CM) (for example, version control). These updates, conducted within the
digital models, will provide M&S stakeholders, including digital model developers, simulation users, test-
ers, and other engineering and program management personnel, with the ability to extract and analyze
consistent and up-to-date system information. Digital models and simulations must be updated using all
relevant real world data throughout the system life cycle since they will be used to make decisions, inform
manufacturing, generate software code, and so on.
3–6. Modeling and simulation support planning
a. M&S is an integral component of a PM’s plans and planning activity. See AR 70–1 for the role of
M&S concerning system development within the acquisition process.
b. PMs incorporate M&S in their acquisition strategies to reduce cost and accelerate decision cycles in
system engineering and test and evaluation activities throughout the acquisition process. See AR 70-1.
PMs should document the M&S planning in the systems engineering plan and the test and evaluation
master plan. PMs consider M&S solutions as options to support training requirements when deemed ap-
propriate.
c. PMs will consider the M&S expertise and M&S assets available at the U.S. Army Combat Capabili-
ties Development Command’s labs and centers during planning.
d. For threat model requirements, PMs should consider the M&S expertise and assets available at ap-
propriate intelligence authorities during planning.
3–7. Reporting via the Army Resource Formulation Guide
a. Commands’ resource management offices will report their M&S investment programs and efforts for
the current Budget Estimate Submission (BES) Lock position. Any delay in the completion of the BES
should not force a delay in the reporting schedule of any command. Although the preferred position is
BES lock, commands may base their calculations on the latest BES position posted in the Army Enter-
prise Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution Data Warehouse (AEPPBEDW).
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 13
b. Reporting is accomplished online through electronic spreadsheets. Commands will submit reports
through the AEPPBE DW and follow the reporting schedule.
(1) Suspense 1 of the Army M&S chapter in the Army Resource Formulation Guide requires com-
mands to send a message to AMSO acknowledging receipt of chapter 20 of volume 3 of the Army Re-
source Formulation Guide and to identify their points of contact for implementation of reporting require-
ments.
(2) Suspense 2 of the Army M&S chapter in the Army Resource Formulation Guide requires com-
mands to report to AMSO their M&S programs, efforts, and investments based on current BES lock, obli-
gations of year of execution M&S program resources, and obligations of budget year M&S program re-
sources for all appropriations.
c. Commands will work with their management decision package managers, M&S personnel, or other
program specialists to compile and validate the M&S components of their programs.
d. The Military Director, AMSO analyzes and presents to Army leadership the collected M&S infor-
mation (programs, efforts, and costs) along four principal categories: cost component, command, M&S-
enabled community, and appropriation. This multidimensional analysis brings to light the direction, focus,
and objectives of the current Army M&S enterprise and gives Army leadership extensive, in-depth
knowledge of M&S resource allocation.
3–8. Embedded models and simulations
a. M&S developed as an integral part of a weapon system or other Army operational system may be
managed in accordance with the prescribed policies and regulatory requirements covering the larger sys-
tem.
b. The management and security of sensitive algorithms, data, and processes of embedded models
and simulations will be in accordance with appropriate policy, particularly regarding sales to foreign gov-
ernments, international organizations, and other military technology exchanges (see chapter 7).
3–9. Professional workforce
a. The Army develops uniformed M&S professionals through the FA57 simulations operations course.
See ee professional development guidance for FA57 officers.
b. The ACCMA Functional advisor develops M&S professionals through FC36. The FC36 proponent
office conducts lifecycle management for civilian professionals in the M&S community and resourcing for
the Analysis, M&S professionals in the functional community. See AR 690–950 for policy on the manage-
ment of Department of the Army Civilian career programs.
c. The DCS, G–8 (as the FA57 proponent), in conjunction with the Chief of the Simulation Proponent
and the Army M&S School, determines requirements and methods to educate and train the Army’s M&S
professionals in the development, application, and management of Army models and simulations.
d. The ACCMA Science, Engineering, and Analysis Career Field (SEA–CF) conducts lifecycle man-
agement for M&S civilian professionals to include strategic workforce planning, talent acquisition, and tal-
ent development activities as part of the career lifecycle. The Army Futures Command Deputy to the
Commanding General is the SEA-CF career field’s Functional Chief, designated by the Assistant Secre-
tary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) (ASA (M&RA)), and provides the strategic direction for
M&S civilian professionals. The Director, CAA is designated as the SEA–CF Functional Advisor for the
Analysis, Modeling & Simulation civilian community. See AR 690–950 for additional policy and guidance.
Chapter 4
Verification, Validation, and Accreditation
4–1. General
a. VV&A establishes the credibility of models, simulations, and associated data to effectively support
Army decisions and processes.
b. All Army M&S and associated data undergo verification and validation (V&V) throughout their lifecy-
cles. Models, including digital models, and simulations undergo accreditation for specific intended use.
c. VV&A processes and requirements are applicable to standalone simulations, federations, and dis-
tributed simulations.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 14
4–2. Implementation
a. Army VV&A implementation guidance and recommended best practices are in DA Pam 5-11. This
regulation establishes Army VV&A policy in accordance with DoDI 5000.61.b. The Military-Standard
(MIL–STD) 3022 provides a recommended format for documenting the results of VV&A.
b. The Department of Defense Verification, Validation, and Accreditation Recommended Practices
Guide (VV&A RPG) provides detailed procedural steps for VV&A.
c. The SISO, an International Standards Development Organization, also develops VV&A recom-
mended practices documents. The SISO VV&A documents are helpful guidance, especially as they apply
to the VV&A of distributed and federated simulations.
d. VV&A documentation for Army M&S and associated data is accessible and sharable with all
ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, organizations, communities, and other authorized M&S users in the DoD except
when limited by law, policy, or security classification. All participants in VV&A will document findings and
procedures in the Army M&S Catalog and other registries to promote reuse of V&V artifacts.
e. VV&A plans and processes begin on the first day of M&S application development and continue in
such a manner that the documentation used for requirements, design, and CM also supports validation
and verification (V&V) activities. Well-documented V&V processes greatly assist accreditation and im-
prove discovery for reuse.
f. ACOMS, ASCCs, and DRUs and other Army organizations using M&S will develop VV&A policy,
procedures, and documentation tailored to their mission requirements.
g. M&S developers and users will conduct VV&A for federations and distributed simulations.
h. Legacy, commercial off-the-shelf models and simulations, or models and simulations from other
government sources intended for use in Army applications are subject to VV&A requirements.
i. A previously accredited model or simulation is subject to reaccreditation when any of the following
are true:
(1) The intended use of the model or simulation is for a new type of application or different use from
the current accreditation.
(2) A new reference version of the model or simulation is released.
(3) The model or simulation is being used for the same application, but the previous accreditation was
performed more than 3 years old.
4–3. Inter-Service validation of Army and Department of Defense component representations
a. The DCS, G-8 is the final authority for validation of representations of Army concepts, tactics,
forces, processes, doctrine, and capabilities in M&S and associated data for joint, coalition, general, and
community use applications.
b. The M&S regulatory proponent, DCS, G-8, coordinates with the appropriate intelligence authority to
validate the representation of opposing forces (for example, threat platform capabilities, threat force struc-
ture).
c. The DCS, G-8 coordinates with the other services and defense agencies to ensure that representa-
tion of the other services’ forces and capabilities in Army models and simulations are appropriate.
d. Developers of Army models and simulations that include representation of other DoD component
entities or activities will coordinate the validation of the representation with the appropriate DoD compo-
nent.
4–4. Documentation
a. As VV&A activities are conducted, it is necessary to fully document those activities and associated
findings. Documentation provides a historical record that enables traceability, which is critical in under-
standing a model or simulation’s intended use, scope, and known limitations.
b. MIL–STD–3022 provides a recommended format for documenting the results of VV&A. MIL–STD–
3022 provides templates for the four core products of VV&A processes:
(1) The Verification and Validation Plan. This plan focuses on defining the methodology for scoping
the V&V effort to the application and the acceptability criteria; defining the V&V tasks that will produce in-
formation to support the accreditation assessment; defining the resources needed to perform the V&V;
and identifying issues associated with performing the V&V. See DA Pam 5-11 for an example.
(2) The Verification and Validation Report. This report focuses on documenting the results of the V&V
tasks; documenting M&S assumptions, capabilities, limitations, risks, and impacts; identifying unresolved
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 15
issues associated with V&V implementation; and documenting lessons learned during V&V. See DA Pam
5-11 for an example.
(3) The Accreditation Plan. This plan focuses on defining the criteria to be used during the accredita-
tion assessment; defining the methodology to conduct the accreditation assessment; defining the re-
sources needed to perform the accreditation assessment; and identifying issues associated with perform-
ing the accreditation assessment. See DA Pam 5-11 for an example.
(4) The Accreditation Report. This report focuses on documenting the results of the accreditation as-
sessment, documenting the recommendations in support of the accreditation decision, and documenting
lessons learned during accreditation. See DA Pam 5-11 for an example.
c. Configuration Management. Documenting the development and CM of M&S activities is essential to
conducting thorough VV&A. CM is the meticulous control of a model or simulation’s code, documentation,
change history, and usage. Poorly documented modifications to the reference version of the model or
simulation could invalidate previous VV&A efforts.
d. Verification, Validation, and Accreditation Discoverability and Accessibility. VV&A of models, simu-
lations, and associated data must be made discoverable and accessible to all ACOMs, organizations,
communities, and other authorized users in the DoD except where limited by law, policy, or security clas-
sification. To satisfy this requirement, Army M&S VV&A artifacts will be entered into the Army M&S Cata-
log.
4–5. Application Sponsorship, Reporting Requirements, and Agent Authority
a. The application sponsor defines the M&S requirements for the intended use in cooperation with the
M&S developer. The application sponsor authorizes an accreditation agent to conduct an accreditation
assessment of a model or simulation for a specific use. The application sponsor authorizes Validation and
Verification (V&V) Agents to perform verification, validation, or both, of a model, simulation, or federation
of models and simulations, and their associated data. Execution responsibility of V&V may be delegated
to a verification agent and a validation agent separately, or to one V&V agent serving both functions.
b. The application sponsor develops a problem statement that will serve as the foundation for M&S re-
quirements. The problem statement documents the following:
(1) Question(s) to be answered and the aspects of the problem that the model or simulation will ad-
dress.
(2) Decisions that will be made based on the M&S results.
(3) Consequences resulting from erroneous M&S outputs.
c. The V&V agent and the accreditation agent initiate the V&V requirements and accreditation require-
ments concurrently. If an existing model or simulation is selected, whether it is used as is or modified,
V&V evidence from previous applications will serve as the initial basis for accreditation.
d. The requirements are verified to ensure that M&S requirements fully address the user's require-
ments and are defined with sufficient detail to be readily represented in the simulation.
e. The accreditation agent develops the accreditation plan in coordination with the M&S developer,
V&V agent(s), and application sponsor. The accreditation plan defines the acceptability criteria used dur-
ing the accreditation assessment; determines the methodology used to conduct the accreditation assess-
ment; assesses the resources needed to perform the accreditation assessment; and identifies potential
issues associated with performing the accreditation assessment.
f. The application sponsor, as the ultimate accreditation authority, makes the final accreditation deci-
sion based on the findings of the accreditation assessment. If the model or simulation has been used in
another context and the V&V is adapted for the current use, an accreditation must still be conducted for
the current instantiation. Accreditation is the official determination by the application sponsor that a
model, simulation, or federation of models or simulations, and its associated data are acceptable for a
specific purpose. If the decision is not to accredit, the process may begin again. The accreditation spon-
sor reviews the information collected during the V&V assessment of the model or simulation. Data sup-
porting the accreditation assessment includes the model or simulation’s application requirements com-
pared to its capabilities and limitations; development and historical use; operating requirements and
costs; implications of limitations and constraints for use in this application; description of the degree of
satisfaction for which the acceptability criteria were met; and recommendations for changes. The accepta-
bility criteria are compared with the actual results of the model or simulation ensuring the results are ac-
ceptable for the intended use. The accreditation assessment must include a determination of the follow-
ing:
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 16
(1) The actual results of the model or simulation are acceptable for the intended use.
(2) The model or simulation meets real world representation requirements for its intended use.
(3) Acceptable physical and computational environment including mitigating risks within the network,
software, hardware, and experiment footprint. The model or simulation elements can appropriately ex-
change data.
(4) Information being exchanged is accurate and comparable across the federation and supports the
appropriate tactical/operational scenario including the operational setting, terrain, mission command sys-
tems, friendly or threat organizations, and employment, and civilian representation.
(5) All of this must be substantiated to support the accreditation decision, including measures of merits,
performance, effectiveness, data collection and reduction, computational methods, and peer review pro-
cess of reports.
(6) Security classification levels of the model or simulation and data are appropriate and commensu-
rate with the application.
g. The results of the accreditation assessment, the accreditation decision, and lessons learned during
accreditation are documented in the accreditation report. Copies of the V&V Report and accreditation re-
port are maintained in the Army M&S Catalog to enable discovery.
Chapter 5
Configuration Management for Models and Simulations
5–1. References
a. Army CM implementation guidelines are in DA Pam 5-11. This regulation implements the CM policy
in DoDD 5000.01, DoDI 5000.02, MIL-HANDBOOK-61B, and ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207.
b. For commercial standards see the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the Interna-
tional Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 for systems and software engineering–system lifecycle processes.
5–2. General
a. The CM process improves the consistency, reliability, and integrity of models and simulations. CM is
applied throughout the lifecycle of Army models and simulations. Models and simulations developed
wholly or partly with Army funding must adhere to CM.
b. CM is an integrated process encompassing hardware, software, and firmware.
c. The materiel developer or regulatory proponent is responsible for implementing and documenting
changes, including records of the following:
(1) Define baseline configuration for M&S.
(2) Alterations to the baseline configuration require a formal CM change control procedure. Included in
the CM of a model or simulation are pre- and post-processors that are part of the baseline for the model
or simulation.
(3) Responsible for executing CM and ensuring that all configuration items are properly identified, doc-
umented, and controlled.
(4) Ensuring that all changes to the model or simulation baseline are properly reviewed, approved, and
documented.
5–3. Implementation
The materiel developer or regulatory proponent will execute CM and may delegate authority for selected
CM activities to other personnel. The model or simulation materiel developer or regulatory proponent
will—
a. Assign a configuration manager to track changes to the model or simulation to ensure that all users
are working with the same version. The configuration manager will implement a formal change control
process to ensure that all changes to the baseline configuration are properly reviewed, approved, and
documented.
b. Establish and maintain a baseline configuration for the model or simulation, including pre- and post-
processors.
c. Tailor the degree of CM to the complexity, size, quantity, intended use, mission, and lifecycle phase
of the model or simulation.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 17
d. Ensure that only authorized users can access and modify the model or simulation.
e. Maintain a record of all changes and lifecycle history.
f. Apply CM to models and simulations developed wholly or partly with Army funding.
g. Review and update their CM process annually or as necessary to ensure that it remains current and
relevant.
Chapter 6
Modeling and Simulation Data Management
6–1. General
See AR 25–1 for Army Information Enterprise Architecture policies, guidance, and responsibilities appli-
cable to M&S data.
6–2. Implementation
a. See DoDI 8320.02 and AR 25–2 for policies, procedures, guidance, and responsibilities applicable
to Army M&S data which—
(1) Establish a framework for identifying, organizing, and managing Army M&S data.
(2) Provide procedures, guidance, and policy on verification, validation, and certification of M&S data
shared by Army M&S activities.
(3) Facilitate internal, joint, and combined interoperability through the standardization and use of com-
mon data.
(4) Seek to improve M&S data visibility, accessibility, and interoperability.
b. M&S data and information conforms to policies and standards outlined in the DISR.
c. Army Data Stewards coordinate amongst themselves for cross-functional understanding of data def-
initions and standards for information exchange to maximize data sharing.
d. See AR 525–95 for the use of geospatial information and services in the Army. The Army must be
capable of exploiting and sharing a wide-range of geospatial data, including sources from the National
Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, U.S. Army Geospatial Center, Army units, as well as commercial and in-
ternational sources for successful M&S. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, PEOs, and PMs will
design models and simulations to achieve geospatial interoperability of current and emerging systems.
6–3. Department of Defense Architecture Framework
a. The DoD Architecture Framework (DoDAF) provides a foundational framework for developing and
representing architecture descriptions that ensure a common denominator for understanding, comparing,
and integrating architectures across organizational, joint, and multinational boundaries. It establishes data
element definitions, rules, and relationships as well as a baseline set of products for consistent develop-
ment of systems, integrated, or federated architectures.
b. Army M&S architectures, if described in Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System or
Business Capability Acquisition System documents, will comply with the DoDAF. Information regarding
DoDAF can be found at the U.S. DoD CIO website available at https://dodcio.defense.gov/.
6–4. Standalone simulation enclave information assurance
a. When a commander or agency lead requires a simulation architecture to operate as a standalone
simulation enclave or closed restricted network, they must follow the governing Army Risk Management
Framework.
b. Operators of standalone simulation enclaves or closed restricted networks must ensure their desig-
nated authorizing official is knowledgeable of their operation and grants approval.
Chapter 7
Release of Army Models and Simulations
7–1. General
a. Transfer of model or simulation capability must be elevated to the proper approval authority,
strengthen the security of the United States; help allied, and coalition partners deter or defend themselves
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 18
against aggression while promoting interoperability with U.S. forces; and ensure that U.S. military forces
continue to possess technological advantages over potential adversaries.
b. M&S is an integral and virtually ubiquitous part of U.S. military capabilities. Consequently, M&S ca-
pability may contain national security information ranging from the routine to highly sensitive.
c. The appropriate approval authority (see para 7–3) examines each request for release of M&S infor-
mation from a security, legal, and fiscal aspect. Current M&S capabilities provide high fidelity weapon sys-
tems and weapon systems performance and include force structure information. Therefore, a release re-
quest will be analyzed by numerous agencies (for example, the appropriate PM, Commander, U.S. Army
Security Assistance Command (USASAC), Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Defense Exports
and Cooperation (DASA (DE&C)), The Judge Advocate General, and/or the General Counsel) to deter-
mine if the requester has a valid requirement and if the information is releasable.
d. As cyber threats become more sophisticated, the need to safeguard Army investments in emerging
technologies increases. Contracting officers and supporting legal offices coordinate the release of models
and simulations that contain proprietary software.
e. Paragraph 7–3 contains information on M&S release approval authority, release to other U.S. gov-
ernment agencies, release to U.S. contractors and Federally Funded Research and Development Cen-
ters (FFRDCs)/University Academic Research Centers (UARC), and the factors to determine releasability
(for example, requirement, technical competence, and security) and the levels of release (such as, intra-
Service, inter-Service, intra-governmental, commercial, and international). It also provides information on
the release of model and simulation data, release to the media, release to foreign governments and inter-
national organizations, transfer via foreign military sales (FMS) and transfer through other than FMS.
f. Unclassified scholarly works, academic papers, periodical publication, conference presentation con-
tent related to or about Army M&S are not within the scope of this regulation. Consult the commander,
servicing staff judge advocate, and public affairs officer for approval and release of these types of docu-
ments.
7–2. Implementation
a. Requests for release of Army models and simulations are governed by U.S. laws, regulations, inter-
national agreements or arrangements to which the United States is a party.
b. A government organization, whether foreign or domestic, will initiate requests for release of Army
M&S. Information on the release process is in paragraph 7–3 of this regulation.
c. Requests for release of models and simulations to other U.S. Government agencies, including inter-
and intra-service transfers, must be made directly to the Army M&S regulatory proponent, DCS, G-8.
d. Requests for release of models and simulations to a U.S. contractor or FFRDC/UARC must be
made by the government agency sponsoring the work of the U.S. contractor or FFRDC/UARC.
e. Requests by the media for information about an Army model or simulation must be made to the
commander or installation public affairs officer for applicable agency and SME coordination, evaluation,
and release as appropriate.
7–3. Model and simulation release approval authority
a. For release of models and simulations to other U.S. Government agencies the release authority is
the commander or agency head of the organization that is the proponent for the model or simulation. Re-
lease authority may be delegated lower. See paragraph 7–13 for release levels.
b. For release of models and simulations to U.S. contractors, commercial entities, and
FFRDCs/UARCs, the release authority is the ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commander or equivalent agency
head of the organization that is the proponent for the model or simulation.
c. Requests for release of Army models and simulations to foreign governments or international organ-
izations proceed through established channels including coordination with the DCS, G-2, foreign disclo-
sure authority offices, who will advise on whether a positive disclosure determination is required based on
the model/simulation’s CUI, proprietary, or otherwise restricted status. Forward the request through the
Military Director, AMSO for review and recommendation of either approval or denial for final adjudication
by the DCS, G–8. The DCS, G–8 may delegate approval authority one level lower. Subsequent software
assurance changes/patches may be approved by the commander or agency head of organization that is
the proponent. Requests by foreign governments or international organizations for release of models and
simulations that involve multi-Service proponency, must be coordinated with each concerned service
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 19
International Program Office and the service Foreign Disclosure Office supporting the model or simulation
prior to final adjudication by the Army approval authority.
d. Requests for release of classified Army models and simulations to foreign governments or interna-
tional organizations are processed through established channels in accordance with AR 380– 10 and for-
warded through the Military Director, AMSO for final review and recommendation for approval or denial
for final adjudication by the proponent command Foreign Disclosure Officer, or DCS, G–2.
e. Model or simulation release to other U.S. Government agencies:
(1) The proponent of the organization of a model or simulation will entertain requests to release Army
models, simulations, and M&S tools to other U.S. Government agencies, including inter-Service and intra-
Service. The model or simulation proponent and the receiving organization will negotiate conditions of re-
lease. If the requesting government agency is unable to negotiate release from the model or simulation
proponent, they may appeal to the DCS, G–8 for adjudication. This appeal authority can be delegated
one level lower.
(2) The model or simulation proponent organization will obtain approval from the appropriate ACOM,
ASCC, or DRU release approval authority.
7–4. Model and simulation release approval authority to entities other than U.S. Government
Organizations
After approval for release, the model or simulation proponent organization prepares a memorandum of
agreement (MOA) or memorandum of understanding (MOU) stating, at a minimum, that the U.S. Govern-
ment organization receiving the model or simulation will—
a. Not release it to third parties without written approval from the release authority.
b. Use the model or simulation only for the purpose(s) stated in the MOA/MOU.
c. Abide by all configuration control procedures established by the configuration manager.
d. Provide copies to the model or simulation proponent of any modifications or enhancements made or
proposed.
e. Return the model or simulation to the configuration manager or otherwise erase all code associated
with the model or simulation upon completion of the work for which the model or simulation was re-
quested.
f. See DoDI 4000.19 for information on support agreements.
7–5. Release of Model and Simulation Data to U.S. Contractors and Federally Funded Research
and Development Centers
a. Model and simulation release to U.S. contractors and FFRDCs.
(1) Requests for Army models and simulations will not be accepted directly from a contractor or
FFRDC/UARC. Requests will only be evaluated if made by the government agency sponsoring the work
of the U.S. contractor or FFRDC/UARC. In the event the requesting organization is the same as the pro-
ponent organization, the same procedures are followed. Army personnel will accept requests that state
the specific requirement for the contractor to have access to the model or simulation and an assessment
or impact of not releasing the model or simulation. If the model or simulation proponent requires reim-
bursement of costs or fees associated with the release or transfer, these will be negotiated with the re-
questing organization prior to requesting the appropriate ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commander approval for
transfer and will be identified as government-furnished material in the contract under which the contractor
or FFRDC/UARC is engaged.
(2) The model or simulation proponent organization will obtain approval from the appropriate ACOM,
ASCC, or DRU commander release approval authority.
b. After approval for release, the U.S. Government organization sponsoring the contractor or
FFRDC/UARC work executes either a modification to the original contract stating the conditions under
which the model or simulation is released or produce an MOA or MOU with the model or simulation pro-
ponent stating the following minimum conditions that the contractor or FFRDC/UARC receiving the model
or simulation will—
(1) Not release it to third parties without written approval from the release authority.
(2) Use the model or simulation only for the purpose(s) stated in the MOA or MOU.
(3) Abide by all configuration control procedures established by the configuration manager.
(4) Provide copies to the configuration manager of any modifications or enhancements made or pro-
posed.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 20
(5) Return the model or simulation to the configuration manager or otherwise erase all code associated
with the model or simulation upon completion of the work for which the model or simulation was re-
quested.
(6) Acknowledge the U.S. Government retains the rights to any model or simulation provided and to
modifications or enhancements developed by the contractor or FFRDC/UARC. The extent of these rights
will be specifically described in the agreement and reviewed by the supporting legal offices including con-
tractor or FFRDC/UARC, proponent, and Offices of General Counsel (OGC).
7–6. Release of Model and Simulation Data
a. Data proponent organizations will receive model or simulation data requests. Requests for data
made to organizations other than the data proponent should be forwarded to the data proponent for ac-
tion.
b. For release of model or simulation data to other U.S. Government agencies, U.S. contractors,
FFRDC/UARCs, foreign governments, and international organizations through other than FMS, the re-
lease approval authority is the commander of an ACOM, ASCC, DRU, or the agency head of the organi-
zation that is the data proponent for either data or sets of data. The data request must state the specific
requirements and intended use of the data. The requester may also be asked to provide an assessment
of the impact of not releasing the data. The requester must also cite the international cooperative re-
search and development (R&D) agreement or the Information Exchange Program (IEP) annex if a foreign
government or a foreign or international organization is making the request. Upon receipt of the request,
the data proponent will, at a minimum—
(1) Ensure the data requester has a “need to know,” the proper security clearances if the data is classi-
fied, and the ability to safeguard the data according to AR 380–5.
(2) Verify, validate, and certify the data, providing to the requester, in writing, any constraints and cave-
ats placed on the data.
(3) Make data available for transmission in a machine-readable format per the Army policy for an open
systems environment.
(4) Ensure release is in accordance with the delegation of disclosure authority letter.
(5) Forward an information copy of the request and the disposition to the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–8
(CSCA–SR), 700 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–0700.
c. If the data is being released to a U.S. contractor or FFRDC/UARC to support a specific government
effort, the data proponent organization will as the requesting organization prepare an MOA or MOU stat-
ing the following:
(1) The receiving U.S. contractor or FFRDC/UARC will use the data only for the purpose stated in the
request and will not release the data to third parties.
(2) Upon completion of the contract work calling for its use, the data will be returned to the data propo-
nent unless otherwise provided for in approved contracting documents.
(3) All data will be protected per AR 380–5.
(4) The contract under which the U.S. contractor or FFRDC/UARC is engaged, will be amended to
state that the data is government- furnished material.
7–7. Release of Model and Simulation Data to Media
a. Media requests for Army model or simulation information are referred to the command or installation
public affairs office for applicable agency and SME coordination, evaluation, and release as appropriate.
b. Release of information will be approved at the lowest appropriate level. If the level of release author-
ity is in doubt, the request will be coordinated with the next higher headquarters.
c. Local commanders have maximum flexibility in releasing information. However, commands will in-
form Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, through command channels as soon as possible, when national
news media requests are received or situations concerning their commands exist that have the potential
for national media exposure.
7–8. Release of Model and Simulation Data to Foreign Governments and International
Organizations
a. Model and simulation release to foreign governments and international organizations.
(1) Release of Army models and simulations to foreign governments and international organizations
can be accomplished through one of the following:
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 21
(a) FMS.
(b) An international cooperative R&D agreement.
(c) A project agreement or arrangement under an MOU or MOA.
(d) An equipment & material transfer agreement under a master MOU or MOA.
(e) A standalone loan agreement.
(2) Release of Army models and simulations to foreign governments and international organizations
can be accomplished through an IEP annex unless any of the following have been accomplished:
(a) The M&S has been fielded.
(b) The M&S has been put into practical use.
(c) The M&S has met initial operational capability.
(d) The M&S has been sold via FMS.
(3) No Army model or simulation will be released directly to foreign contractors. Requests for release
to foreign contractors must be initiated by the government or organizations requiring the Army model or
simulation and must include a description of the existing effort to be supported.
(4) If delegating authority, the proponent of the M&S will ensure appropriate foreign disclosure proce-
dures are followed prior to release.
(5) All requests for release of model and simulation by foreign governments and international organiza-
tions will be forwarded to the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–8 (CSCA–SR), 700 Army Pentagon, Washington,
DC 20310–0700.
(6) Model and simulation international transfer via Army controlled FMS.
b. Upon receipt of a request by a foreign government or international organization, via the Embassy,
interested in purchasing an Army model or simulation through an Army controlled FMS case, the Com-
mander, USASAC, Redstone Arsenal, AL will—
(1) Obtain a recommendation or position paper concerning the release of the requested model or sim-
ulation from the proponent that includes input from both the materiel developer and the capability devel-
oper even if they are in the same agency. The capability developer must ensure that all integral platforms
and systems, behaviors, munitions, algorithms, data, or anything that could affect national security is ap-
proved for international release. This recommendation or position paper must identify other countries or
international organizations to which this model or simulation has previously been released; include a sys-
tem description of the requested model or simulation, and a sensitivity of technology statement. The sen-
sitivity of technology statement will include the requested model or simulation version number and classi-
fication level; position statement from the model or simulation proponent’s foreign disclosure and or secu-
rity office is also required.
(2) Provide this recommendation to the DASA (DE&C), Director, Directorate for Security Cooperation
Integration (SAAL–NI) requesting concurrence from the DCS, G–8, the final release authority for Army
models and simulations.
(3) The SAAL–NI will coordinate the recommended sale with other appropriate HQDA elements, to in-
clude at a minimum, the DCS, G–2, appropriate legal counsel, and provide their recommendation, as well
as documentation showing the person and date the release was coordinated with to the Military Director,
AMSO.
7–9. Request Model and simulation international transfer via other than Army controlled foreign
military sales
a. When a foreign government or international organization requests to purchase an Army model or
simulation that is within the scope of an other than Army controlled FMS case, the Director AMSO will
communicate with the appropriate office of the DoD Component to coordinate the release of the Army
model or simulation, that is within the scope of the DoD Component’s FMS case.
b. The Military Director, AMSO will prepare a staffing package, with recommendation for approval or
denial to release the model or simulation, for signature by the final release authority, the DCS, G–8. If the
DCS, G–8 approves the release of the model or simulation to the foreign purchaser, Commander,
USASAC will be advised by SAAL–NI that the price and availability data or letter of offer and acceptance
may be developed and provided to the foreign purchaser. A letter of offer and acceptance must include
notes that specify the following minimum conditions–
(1) That the model or simulation will be used only for the approved purpose.
(2) That the foreign purchaser will abide by all configuration control procedures established by the con-
figuration manager.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 22
(3) That the U.S. Government will be provided copies of any modifications or enhancements made or
proposed to the configuration manager.
(4) That the model or simulation will not be released to anyone who is not an officer, employee, or
agent of the purchaser, without the prior written consent of the U.S. Government.
7–10. Procedures for Model and simulation release of international transfer via other than Army
controlled foreign military sales
a. All requests for release of Army models and simulations through other than FMS by foreign govern-
ments or international organizations must be forwarded directly to the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–8 (CSCA–
SR), 700 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–0700.
b. Upon receipt by the DCS, G–8, the request will be forwarded to the Military Director, AMSO for ac-
tion.
c. If the request is made under an existing international cooperative R&D agreement or project agree-
ment under an MOU or MOA, the Military Director, AMSO will—
(1) Obtain a recommendation or position paper concerning the release of the requested model or sim-
ulation from the proponent that includes input from both the materiel developer and the capability devel-
oper even if they are in the same agency. The capability developer must ensure that all integral platforms
and systems, behaviors, munitions, algorithms, data, or anything that could affect national security is ap-
proved for international release. The recommendation or position paper will include a sensitivity of tech-
nology statement to include the version number and classification level of the model or simulation. A rec-
ommendation or position paper must also be obtained from the proponent’s foreign disclosure and or se-
curity office.
(2) Coordinate with the project officer or appropriate action officer of the agreement to provide written
concurrence that the model or simulation is releasable under the international cooperative R&D agree-
ment or project agreement under an MOU or MOA and is in accordance with national procedures and
with the delegation of disclosure authority letter.
(3) For Army controlled agreements, provide these recommendations to the DASA (DE&C), Director,
Directorate for Armaments Cooperation (SAAL–NC), which will further coordinate the request with other
appropriate HQDA elements, to include at a minimum the DCS, G–2, and appropriate legal counsel, and
provide their recommendation, as well as documentation showing person and date the release was coor-
dinated with, to the Military Director, AMSO.
(4) Prepare a staffing package, with recommendation for approval or denial to release the model or
simulation, for signature by the final release authority, the DCS, G–8. The final release authority can be
delegated one level lower.
(5) Advise the agreement project officer of the DCS, G–8’s position on release of the model or simula-
tion to the foreign government; if approved, the proponent can then arrange for proper transfer of the
model or simulation.
7–11. Procedures for Model and simulation release of international transfer via International
Exchange Programs
Release of a model or simulation is allowable under an IEP annex for information and evaluation pur-
poses only. A model or simulation is no longer “information” and is considered a defense article and thus
outside the scope of an information exchange agreement if any of the following have been accomplished:
the M&S has been fielded; the M&S has been put into practical use; the M&S has met initial operational
capability; the M&S has been sold via FMS. If the request is made under an existing IEP annex, the Mili-
tary Director, AMSO will—
a. Ascertain from the proponent that the intended use of the model or simulation is for information and
evaluation purposes only.
b. Obtain a recommendation or position paper concerning the release of the requested model or simu-
lation from the proponent that includes input from both the materiel developer and the capability devel-
oper even if they are in the same agency. The capability developer must ensure that all integral platforms
and systems, behaviors, munitions, algorithms, data, or anything that could affect national security is ap-
proved for international release. A recommendation or position paper must also be obtained from the pro-
ponent’s foreign disclosure and/or security office.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 23
c. Provide these recommendations to the technical project officer (TPO) of the agreement and request
a recommendation or position paper that release of the model or simulation will be used for information
and evaluation purposes only and is within the intent and scope of the IEP annex.
d. Provide all recommendations for further coordination with other appropriate HQDA elements, to in-
clude at a minimum the DCS, G–2; OGC; and DASA (DE&C), SAAL–NC.
e. Prepare a staffing package, with a recommendation for approval or denial to release the model or
simulation, for signature by the final release authority, the DCS, G–8. The final release authority can be
delegated one level lower.
f. Advise the IEP annex TPO and the proponent of the DCS, G–8’s position to release the model or
simulation to the foreign government; if approved, the proponent can then arrange for proper transfer of
the model or simulation.
g. If the request is made under an equipment & material transfer agreement, an MOU or MOA, or un-
der a standalone loan agreement. The AMSO will—
(1) Obtain a recommendation or position paper concerning the release of the requested model or sim-
ulation from the proponent that includes input from both the materiel developer and the capability devel-
oper even if they are in the same agency. The capability developer must ensure that all integral platforms
and systems, behaviors, munitions, algorithms, data, or anything that could affect national security, is ap-
proved for international release. A recommendation or position paper must also be obtained from the pro-
ponent’s foreign disclosure and/or security office.
(2) Provide these recommendations to the DASA (DE&C), SAAL–NC, who will further coordinate the
request with other appropriate HQDA elements, to include at a minimum the DCS, G–2 and the OGC,
and provide their recommendation, as well as documentation showing the person and date with whom
release has been coordinated with, to the AMSO.
(3) Prepare a staffing package, with recommendation for approval or denial to release the model or
simulation, for signature by the final release authority, the DCS, G–8. The final release authority can be
delegated one level lower.
(4) Advise the agreement TPO’s and the proponent of the DCS, G–8’s positions to release the model
or simulation to the foreign government. If approved, the proponent can then arrange for proper transfer
of the model or simulation.
7–12. Model and Simulation Data Releasability Factors
a. Releasability refers to the release of models, simulations, and related data. There are several major
factors that must be considered in assessing releasability.
b. Requirement. Determining whether the requested model or simulation is appropriate for the in-
tended application. If the decision is not to release, alternatives should be suggested or provided that
meet the requester’s information needs.
c. Technical competence. Determining whether the recipient has the technical ability and training to
support running the model or simulation and using the data properly. An alternative to release in this cate-
gory is implementing and or executing the model or simulation for the requester and assisting in interpre-
tation of the results.
d. Security. Determining if both personnel security and system security requirements, to include multi-
level security requirements, can be met for classified applications. This also covers national security impli-
cations governing the release of otherwise unclassified models and simulations to non-U.S. requesters.
7–13. Authority Levels for Model and Simulation Release
General. The authority to release may be granted to differing levels of command depending upon the ulti-
mate recipient. The levels to which models, simulations, and data may be released and the associated
release authority are grouped below. If authority is redelegated within the command or agency, the com-
mand or agency will maintain an appropriate level awareness of the models, simulations, and data that
are released.
a. Intra-Service. Delegated to ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commanders and agency heads and may be re-
delegated lower.
b. Inter-Service. Delegated to ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commanders and agency heads and may be re-
delegated one level lower.
c. Intra-governmental. Delegated to ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commanders and agency heads and not
subject to redelegation.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 24
d. Commercial. Delegated to ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commanders and agency heads but must include
contracting considerations.
e. International.
(1) For model or simulation release through FMS–retained at HQDA by the DCS, G–8, in coordination
with other government agencies. This can be delegated one level lower.
(2) For data release through FMS–in coordination with other government agencies, delegated to
ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commanders and agency heads.
(3) For model or simulation release through other than FMS–retained at HQDA by the DCS, G–8. This
can be delegated one level lower.
(4) For data release through non-FMS–delegated to ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commanders and agency
heads.
(5) For subsequent releases of software assurance changes/patches through other than FMS–
delegated to the commander or agency head of the organization that is the proponent for the model or
simulation.
Chapter 8
Army Modeling and Simulation Awards Program
8–1. Awards program overview
The purpose of the Army M&S Award program is to recognize the achievements of the M&S workforce.
The Military Director, AMSO administers the award program annually. Award nominees must be govern-
ment employees. Contractors are not eligible for this award. Submission of multiple nominations by or-
ganizations are encouraged. Each submission will be specific to the nominated award category. For ex-
ample, an individual may not be nominated in more than one category but may be nominated in both the
individual and team categories. The Army M&S Award Program recognizes individuals and teams who
have—
a. Significantly improved the Army M&S enterprise through their own initiatives.
b. Made significant contributions to improve the modernization and readiness of Army M&S systems,
processes, or programs.
c. Innovated existing operations or applied new technologies and solutions to increase efficiency and
savings.
d. Made a significant contribution to improve the quality of Army M&S.
8–2. Awards program responsibilities and procedures
a. The Director CAA oversees the awards program and assigns execution of the awards program to
the Military Director, AMSO.
b. The Military Director AMSO executes the awards program, selects the screening panel members
from the M&S Communities, and provides administrative staff to support the screening process. Proce-
dures on submitting nominations, and the selection process, are described in DA Pam 5–11.
8–3. Awards categories and criteria
The Army Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Award acknowledges the Army’s military and civilian M&S
workforce and their dedication to excellence. The nominator must convey what was done, who did it, how
the Army and the M&S Community benefits from the effort, how it supports the theme, level of effort in-
volved, and explain the way ahead. A maximum of fourteen awards from seven categories are presented
each year. The awards are—
a. Category One: Acquisitions 1, individual award and 1-team award.
b. Category Two: Analysis 1, individual award and 1-team award.
c. Category Three: Experimentation 1, individual award and 1-team award.
d. Category Four: Intelligence 1, individual award and 1-team award.
e. Category Five: Test & Evaluation 1, individual award and 1-team award.
f. Category Six: Training 1, individual award and 1-team award.
g. Category Seven: Cross-cutting 1, individual award and 1-team award. Cross-cutting nominations
specify two or more communities represented in the development of the effort and a description of the
benefit to the named communities and the Army.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 25
Appendix A
References
Section I
Required Publications
Unless otherwise stated, Department of the Army publications are available on the Army Publishing Direc-
torate website at https://armypubs.army.mil/. DoD publications are available at
https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/.
AR 25–1
Army Information Technology (Cited in para 6–1.)
AR 25–2
Army Cybersecurity (Cited in para 6–2a.)
AR 70–1
Army Operation of The Adaptive Acquisition Framework (Cited in para 3–5a.)
AR 73–1
Test and Evaluation Policy (Cited in para 3–5b.)
AR 380–5
Army Information Security Program (Cited in para 7–6b(1).)
AR 380–10
Foreign Disclosure and Contacts with Foreign Representatives (Cited in para 7–3d.)
DA Pam 5–11
Implementing the Army Modeling and Simulation Enterprise Verification, Validation, and Accreditation of
Army Models and Simulations (Cited in para 1–3.)
DDMS
Department of Defense Discovery Metadata Specification (Cited in para 3–4e.)
DoDD 5000.01
The Defense Acquisition System (Cited in para 3–5a.) (Available at https://aaf.dau.edu/guidebooks/.)
DoDI 4000.19
Support Agreements (Cited in para 7–4f.)
DoDI 5000.02
Operation of the Adaptive Acquisition Framework (Cited in para 3–5a.)
DoDI 5000.61
DoD Modeling and Simulation Verification, Validation, and Accreditation (Cited in title page.)
DoDI 5000.70
Management of Department of Defense Modeling and Simulation Activities (Cited in title page.)
DoDI 5000.89
Test and Evaluation (Cited in 3–5b.)
DODI 5000.97
Digital Engineering (Cited in title page.)
DoDI 8320.02
Sharing Data, Information, and Information Technology (IT) Services in the Department of Defense (Cited
in para 3–4f.)
DoDI 8510.01
Risk Management Framework for Department of Defense Systems (Cited in para 3–3f.)
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 26
ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207
Systems and software engineering — Software lifecycle processes (Cited in para 5–1a and 5–1b.) (Avail-
able at: https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/12207/5672/.)
Section II
Prescribed Forms
This section contains no entries.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 27
Appendix B
Internal Control Evaluation
B–1. Function
The function covered by this regulation is the management of Army M&S.
B–2. Purpose
The purpose of this evaluation is to assist the M&S regulatory proponent and internal control administers
in evaluating the key internal controls via the assessment questions listed below. It is not intended to
cover all controls. See AR 11–2 for responsibilities and execution of Risk Management and Internal Con-
trol Program. The test questions in paragraph B–4 are assessable for unit commanders or managers in
accordance with AR 11–2 to conduct internal control evaluations.
B–3. Instructions
Answers must be based on the actual testing of key internal controls by utilizing one of four test methods
which are Inquiry, Observations, Examination, or Reperformance. Inquiry regarding a control’s effective-
ness does not, by itself, provide sufficient evidence of whether a control is operating effectively and gen-
erally is corroborated through other types of control tests (observation or inspection). Answers that indi-
cate deficiencies must be explained and corrective action identified in supporting documentation. These
internal controls must be evaluated at least once every 5 years. Certification that the evaluation has been
conducted must be accomplished on a DA Form 11–2 (Internal Control Evaluation Certification).
B–4. Key control questions
a. Do the Army M&S requirements, capabilities, and needs identified during periodic enterprise as-
sessments reflect the Army M&S enterprise needs?
b. Are ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and PEOs reporting their Army M&S investment information as re-
quired?
c. Are Army-developed or Army-owned models, simulations, and other M&S assets such as datasets,
reports, tools, and utilities registered and current in the Army M&S Catalog?
d. Are the results and applicability of VV&A of Army models and simulations and accreditation of the
associated data documented, visible, and accessible in the Army M&S Catalog?
e. Do commanders and heads of organizations that use M&S have a documented VV&A policy tailored
to their mission requirements?
f. Does the model or simulation regulatory proponent (responsible for lifecycle management), the PM,
or the materiel developer maintain and execute a CM plan?
g. Does the USASAC coordinate and staff all FMS cases regarding release of Army M&S to foreign
governments through DASA (DE&C) and the DCS, G–8?
h. Do the PEOs/PMs follow guidelines and procedures for international release of Army M&S?
i. Are all requests for Army models and simulations by foreign governments and coalition partners pro-
cessed in accordance with AR 5–11?
B–5. Supersession
This evaluation replaces the previously published in AR 5–11, dated 30 May 2014.
B–6. Comments
Help to make this a better tool for evaluating internal controls. Submit comments to Deputy Chief of Staff,
G–8 (CSCA–SR), 700 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–0700.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 28
Glossary of Terms
Accreditation
The official certification that a model, simulation, or federation of models and simulations and associated
data is acceptable for use for a specific purpose (see DoDI 5000.61).
Application
A specific, individual project session that requires or uses a model or simulation to achieve its purpose.
Army community
An Army community is a designated Army FA enabled by M&S. It is a collaborative grouping of Army
functional activities, with common or related M&S interests. The current established functional communi-
ties include Acquisition, Analysis, Experimentation, Intelligence, Test and Evaluation, and Training.
Configuration management
A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and surveillance to: (1) identify and document
the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item, (2) control changes to those character-
istics, and (3) record and report changes to processing and implementation status (see DoDI 5000.97).
Department of Defense Discovery Metadata Specification
The DDMS defines discovery metadata elements for resources posted to M&S community and organiza-
tional shared spaces. With the express purpose of supporting the visibility goal of the DoD Net-Centric
Data Strategy, the DDMS specifies a set of information fields that are to be used to describe any data or
service asset, for example resource, that is to be made discoverable to the enterprise, and serves as a
reference for developers, architects, and engineers by laying a foundation for Discovery Services.
Federated
The ability to search across multiple archives, data collections, or multiple content aggregator services
(see DoDI 5000.70, Change 3).
Government off-the-shelf
The practice of first use and reuse of GOTS, non-proprietary M&S assets. GOTS First includes govern-
ment-sponsored development of M&S assets. Army commands and organizations may develop new gov-
ernment-owned or use proprietary M&S assets only when task or mission requirements dictate this
course of action is appropriate.
Information exchange program annex
An annex to an IEP agreement that provides details pertinent to the exchange of modeling or simulation
information in a specific area or field of interest.
Information technology
Any equipment or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment that is used in the automatic acqui-
sition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmis-
sion, or reception of data or information by the executive agency. Includes computers, ancillary equip-
ment, software, firmware, and similar procedures, services (including support services), and related re-
sources.
Interoperability
The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide data, information, materiel, and services to, and accept
the same from, other systems, units, or forces, and to use the data, information, materiel, and services
exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. IT interoperability includes both the technical
exchange of information and the end-to-end operational effectiveness of that exchange of information as
required for mission accomplishment in its operational environment including appropriate cybersecurity
aspects. Interoperability is more than just information exchange. It includes systems, processes, proce-
dures, organizations, and missions in appropriately stressed operational environments.
Life Cycle Management framework
An Army construct for the management of Army M&S.
Low overhead driver capability
An M&S resource supporting commanders and staff to simulate command and control systems requiring
minimal preparation time and external resources.
AR 5–11 • 9 April 2025 29
Model
A physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or pro-
cess.
Modeling
A set of rule-based graphical or text expressions used to communicate the form, attributes, and functions
of an object, process, phenomenon, or system.
Reference version
The most recent version of a model or simulation released for community use by, and under CM of, the
model or simulation user group executive committee. (Available at de-bok.org/glossary).
Reuse
The practice of using again, in whole or part, existing M&S tools, data, or services.
Simulation
A method for implementing a model over time. Simulation may include live, virtual, or constructive ele-
ments as well as supporting frameworks and environments (See DoDI 5000.61).
Validation
The process of determining the degree to which a model, simulation, or distributed simulation, and asso-
ciated data are an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of the specific intended
use. Validation across the M&S life cycle entails application of relevant referent data to refine M&S accu-
racy (See DoDI 5000.61).
Verification
The process of determining that a model, simulation, or distributed simulation, and associated data accu-
rately represents the developer’s conceptual description and specifications (See DoDI 5000.61).
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Categories: Army Regulation